ਮਦਦ:ਥਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਓ ਲਈ IPA

ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Thai and Lao pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

Consonants
IPA Thai Lao English approximation
b abash
d ฎ,ด ado
f ฝ,ฟ ຝ,ຟ food
h ห,ฮ ຫ,ຮ head
j ญ,ย,อย,หย yak
k scan
(/x/)[1] ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ ຂ,ຄ can
l ล,ฬ,หล ລ,ຫຼ leaf
m ม,หม ມ,ໝ much
n ณ,น,หน ນ,ໜ not
ŋ ง,หง ງ,ຫງ bang
ɲ[2] ຍ,ຫຍ canyon
p span
ผ,พ,ภ ຜ,ພ pan
r ร,หร ຣ,ຫຼ ,ຫຣ roughly like water (American English)
s ซ,ศ,ษ,ส ສ,ຊ sue
t ฏ,ต stable
ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ ຖ,ທ table
question
tɕʰ[3] ฉ, ช, ฌ cheese
w ว,หว ວ,ຫວ way
ʔ อ, ะ the catch in uh-oh
 
Tone
IPA Description
= āː mid [aː˧]
àː low [aː˨˩]
âː falling [aː˥˩] (Thai), high falling [aː˥˧] (Lao)
a̭ː low falling [aː˧˩] (Lao only)
áː high [aː˦˥]
ǎː mid rising [aː˨˦]
Vowels
IPA Thai[4] Lao English approximation
Short vowels
a ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ cut
e เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ roughly like say
ɛ แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ set
i ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ ◌ິ happy
o โ◌ะ, ◌◌ ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ roughly like law (British English) (shorter)
ɔ เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ ◌ໍ lot
u ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ ◌ຸ food (shorter)
ɯ ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ ◌ຶ good
ɤ เ◌อะ ເ◌ິະ, ເ◌ິ◌ roughly like hurt (shorter)
Long vowels
◌า, ◌า◌ ◌າ bra
เ◌, เ◌◌ ເ◌ play
ɛː แ◌, แ◌◌ ແ◌ says
◌ี, ◌ี◌ ◌ີ green
โ◌, โ◌◌ ໂ◌ roughly like law (British English)
ɔː ◌อ, ◌อ◌ ◌ໍ, ◌ອ lawn
◌ู, ◌ู, ◌ູ moon
ɯː ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ ◌ື good (longer)
ɤː เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ ເ◌ີ roughly like fur
Diphthongs[5][6]
iaʔ, iəʔ เ◌ียะ ເ◌ັຽະ No English equivalent
ia, เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ ເ◌ັຽ idea
uaʔ, uəʔ ◌ัวะ ◌ົວະ No English equivalent
ua, ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ ◌ົວ poor (British English)
ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ เ◌ือะ ເ◌ຶອະ No English equivalent
ɯa, ɯə เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ ເ◌ຶອ No English equivalent
  1. Allophone in Northern Thai dialect
  2. Not present in Standard or Southern Thai
  3. Standard and Southern Thai only
  4. Vowels diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".
  5. More diphthongs occur in the pattern /Vw/ or /Vj/: /aj, aːj, aw, aːw, iw, uj, uːj, ew, eːw, ɛːw, ɤːj, oːj, ɔːj, iow, uɛj, ɯɛj/.
  6. Thai pronunciation follows the former listing, with /a/ as the ending vowel (according to Tingsabadh, Kalaya (1993). "Thai". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 24–28. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)).

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