ਮਦਦ:ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ ਲਈ IPA

ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Romanian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Romanian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Romanian and Romanian alphabet for the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|b]] ban boy
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|d]] dop day
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|d͡ʒ]][1] ger jeep
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|f]] foc face
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ɡ]] gol, unghie good
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|h]] horn hat
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|k]] cal, chip, kilogram, quasar skip
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|l]] lună love
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|m]] mic moon
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|n]] nor name
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ŋ]][2] lung long
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|p]] pas span
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|r]][3] rac, mare roughly like water (American English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|s]] sare sun
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ʃ]] șarpe shape
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|t]] tare stop
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|t͡s]][1] țară cats
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|t͡ʃ]][1] cer texture
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|v]] val, watt voice
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|z]] zid zone
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ʒ]] jar measure
Marginal consonants
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ɲ]] Saligny roughly like canyon
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|a]] a roughly like father
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|e]][4] erou roughly like bet
ə ăsta about
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|i]] inel, mie beet
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ɨ]] înspre, cârnat/cîrnat roses (for some dialects)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|o]][4] oraș law (British English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|u]] uda, dual soon
Marginal vowels
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ø]][4] bleu, loess roughly like sir
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|y]] ecru, fürer roughly like few
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ɑ̃]] Henri roughly like croissant
 
Semivowels[5]
IPA Examples English approximation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|j]] iarnă, creioane, rai, yacht you or boy
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|w]] băcăuan, dulău, tweeter wine or cow
Diphthongs[5]
e̯a beată short [e] followed by full [a]
e̯o vreo short [e] followed by full [o]
o̯a foarte, găoace short [o] followed by full [a]
 
Other symbols
IPA Examples Explanation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ˈ]] dulău [duˈləw] Main stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ˌ]] extraordinar [ˌekstra.ordiˈnar] Secondary stress
. mie [ˈmi.e] Syllable marker, generally used between vowels in hiatus
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym|ʲ]] rupi [ˈrupʲ] Palatalization (placed after the palatalized consonant)
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 The affricates are correctly written with tie-bars: [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ]. As the tie-bars display incorrectly with some fonts, they are often omitted. However, these affricates contrast with the plosive-fricative sequences [ts], [] and []. Usually the spelling of the Romanian word indicates the pronunciation, with the affricates spelled ț, c, g, with one letter, and the sequences ts, tș, dj, with two, but this is not always the case, especially in personal names.
  2. Not a separate phoneme, but an allophone of /n/ before velars.
  3. Intervocalic /r/ may be pronounced as a flap [ɾ].
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 The Romanian [e], [o] and [ø] are in fact realized as mid vowels: [e̞], [o̞], [ø̞]. In phonetic transcriptions, however, the lowering diacritic is usually omitted for simplicity.
  5. 5.0 5.1 The approximants /j/ and /w/ can appear before and after vowels, including the diphthongs /e̯a/ and /o̯a/, in almost any combination.

See also[ਸੋਧੋ]

References[ਸੋਧੋ]

  • Chițoran, Ioana (2001), The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach, Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3110167662

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