ਮਦਦ:ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Romanian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Romanian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Romanian and Romanian alphabet for the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	ban	boy
d	dop	day
d͡ʒ^[1]	ger	jeep
f	foc	face
ɡ	gol, unghie	good
h	horn	hat
k	cal, chip, kilogram, quasar	skip
l	lună	love
m	mic	moon
n	nor	name
ŋ^[2]	lung	long
p	pas	span
r^[3]	rac, mare	roughly like water (American English)
s	sare	sun
ʃ	șarpe	shape
t	tare	stop
t͡s^[1]	țară	cats
t͡ʃ^[1]	cer	texture
v	val, watt	voice
z	zid	zone
ʒ	jar	measure
Marginal consonants
ɲ	Saligny	roughly like canyon

Vowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
a	apă	roughly like father
e^[4]	erou	roughly like bet
ə	ăsta	about
i	inel, mie	beet
ɨ	înspre, cârnat/cîrnat	roses (for some dialects)
o^[4]	oraș	law (British English)
u	uda, dual	soon
Marginal vowels
ø^[4]	bleu, loess	roughly like sir
y	ecru, fürer	roughly like few
ɑ̃	Henri	roughly like croissant

Semivowels^[5]
IPA	Examples	English approximation
j	iarnă, creioane, rai, yacht	you or boy
w	băcăuan, dulău, tweeter	wine or cow
Diphthongs^[5]
e̯a	beată	short [e] followed by full [a]
e̯o	vreo	short [e] followed by full [o]
o̯a	foarte, găoace	short [o] followed by full [a]

Other symbols
IPA	Examples	Explanation
ˈ	dulău [duˈləw]	Main stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
ˌ	extraordinar [ˌekstra.ordiˈnar]	Secondary stress
.	mie [ˈmi.e]	Syllable marker, generally used between vowels in hiatus
ʲ	rupi [ˈrupʲ]	Palatalization (placed after the palatalized consonant)

Notes[ਸੋਧੋ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 The affricates are correctly written with tie-bars: [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ]. As the tie-bars display incorrectly with some fonts, they are often omitted. However, these affricates contrast with the plosive-fricative sequences [ts], [tʃ] and [dʒ]. Usually the spelling of the Romanian word indicates the pronunciation, with the affricates spelled ț, c, g, with one letter, and the sequences ts, tș, dj, with two, but this is not always the case, especially in personal names.
↑ Not a separate phoneme, but an allophone of /n/ before velars.
↑ Intervocalic /r/ may be pronounced as a flap [ɾ].
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 The Romanian [e], [o] and [ø] are in fact realized as mid vowels: [e̞], [o̞], [ø̞]. In phonetic transcriptions, however, the lowering diacritic is usually omitted for simplicity.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 The approximants /j/ and /w/ can appear before and after vowels, including the diphthongs /e̯a/ and /o̯a/, in almost any combination.

References[ਸੋਧੋ]

Chițoran, Ioana (2001), The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach, Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3110167662

ਫਰਮਾ:IPA keys horizontal

[affricate-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 The affricates are correctly written with tie-bars: [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ]. As the tie-bars display incorrectly with some fonts, they are often omitted. However, these affricates contrast with the plosive-fricative sequences [ts], [tʃ] and [dʒ]. Usually the spelling of the Romanian word indicates the pronunciation, with the affricates spelled ț, c, g, with one letter, and the sequences ts, tș, dj, with two, but this is not always the case, especially in personal names.

[2] Not a separate phoneme, but an allophone of /n/ before velars.

[3] Intervocalic /r/ may be pronounced as a flap [ɾ].

[mid-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 The Romanian [e], [o] and [ø] are in fact realized as mid vowels: [e̞], [o̞], [ø̞]. In phonetic transcriptions, however, the lowering diacritic is usually omitted for simplicity.

[semivowels-5] 5.0 ^5.1 The approximants /j/ and /w/ can appear before and after vowels, including the diphthongs /e̯a/ and /o̯a/, in almost any combination.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Notes[ਸੋਧੋ]

See also[ਸੋਧੋ]

References[ਸੋਧੋ]