ਮਦਦ:ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Chinese (also called Mandarin) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The representations of these sounds in the standard romanization (pinyin) are also shown.

See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of the language. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent loose approximations to the original pronunciations.

Consonants
IPA	Pinyin	English approximation
ɕ	x	she
f	f	fan
j	y-, -i-	you
k	g	skim
kʰ	k	cup
l	l	leaf
m	m	moon
n	n-, -n	noon
ŋ	-ng	song
p	b	span
pʰ	p	pan
ɻ	-r	area (ends syllable)
s	s	see
ʂ	sh	show; Russian Ш Polish SZ
t	d	stand
tʰ	t	tan
tɕ	j	itchy
tɕʰ	q	cheer
ts	z	pizza
tsʰ	c	tsunami (with t pronounced)
tʂ	zh	pitcher
tʂʰ	ch	church
w	w-, -u-	water
x	h	loch (Scottish English)
ɥ	yu-, -ü-^{[lower-alpha 1]}	(simultaneous y and w); French nuit
ʐ	r-	pleasure; Russian Ж Polish Ż, RZ

Vowels
IPA	Pinyin	English approximation
a	a (a, an)	roughly like cat
ɑ	a (ang), e (er)	car
ɛ	e (ye), a (yan, yuan, ian)	yes
œ	e (yue)	roughly like bird; German ö
ə	e (en^{[lower-alpha 2]})	about
ɤ	e (eng)	roughly like Am.eng. sir
i	yi/-i (yi, yin, ying)	see
ɨ	i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri)	glasses^{[lower-alpha 3]}
ɔ	o (wo, bo, po, mo, fo)	war
u	wu/-u	shoe
ʊ	o (ong)	hook
y	yu/-ü^{[lower-alpha 1]} (yu, yun)	somewhat like few; French tu
Diphthongs
aɪ	ai	bye
ɑʊ	ao	now
eɪ	ei^{[lower-alpha 2]}	day
oʊ	ou^{[lower-alpha 2]}	no
Nasal vowels^{[lower-alpha 4]}
ɑ̃	ang (angr)	roughly like croissant
ə̃	eng (engr)	roughly like uh-huh
ʊ̃	ong (ongr)	roughly like own

IPA	Pinyin	Description
Tones
ǎ ɤ̌	á, é	mid rising: ˧˥
â ɤ̂	à, è	high falling: ˥˩
á ɤ́	ā, ē	high: ˥
à, ɤ̀	ǎ, ě	medially, low: ˩ initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧ in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧
a, ɤ	a, e	"toneless": low after the high falling tone ˥˩ and the high tone ˥ ; mid after all other tones

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.
↑ Slightly "buzzing" vowels, and the frication of the preceding consonant may continue through the vowel. In si, zi, ci, the vowel may be a further back [ɯ].
↑ Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.

External links

Chinese Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Chinese Text to IPA Phonetic Transcription

ਫਰਮਾ:IPA keys horizontal

[v-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.

[short_form-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.

[3] Slightly "buzzing" vowels, and the frication of the preceding consonant may continue through the vowel. In si, zi, ci, the vowel may be a further back [ɯ].

[4] Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]