ਮਦਦ:ਫ਼ਰਾਂਕੋ-ਪ੍ਰੋਵੈਂਸਾਲ ਲਈ IPA

ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Franco-Provençal (also known as Arpitan) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

English approximations are in some cases very loose, and only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. See Franco-Provençal language#phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds.

Consonants
  IPA   Examples Nearest English equivalent
b bâs ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redow
c[1] roughly like RP ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark reduesday
d dinar ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redoe
dz[2] gooਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red
[2] ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redazz
ð ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark reden
f fèna ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redoe
ɡ gran ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redo
h[3] ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redappy
ɥ (simultaneous y and w)
j vreyer ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redes
ɟ[2] roughly like RP ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redue
k kilô sਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redy
l lârro ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redow
ʎ lyata roughly like miਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redon
m mira ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redow
n nâs ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redo
ɲ roughly like caਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redon
ŋ parkiਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red
p pâre sਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redy
ʁ[4] curâ roughly like loਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red (Scottish English)
s ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redo
ʃ[1] chalor ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redow
t tanta sਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redow
ts[1] chalor haਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red
[1] chalor ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redange
θ ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redin
v savuc ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redote
w ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redoe
z zérô ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redoo
ʒ[2] meaਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redure
Vowels
Oral Nasal
  IPA   Examples Nearest English equivalent   IPA   Examples Nearest English equivalent
a tina pਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redsta ɑ̃ chançon Nasalized [ɑ]
ɑ pâta brਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red
e clਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red ɛ̃ vent Nasalized [ɛ] or [æ]
ɛ libertá fਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redstival
i sਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red ĩ Nasalized [i]
ə ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redgain œ̃ Nasalized [œ]
œ roughly like shਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redt
ø roughly like nਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redse
o sਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redle (GA) ~ sਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redd (RP) ɔ̃ Nasalized [ɔ] or [ɒ]
ɔ bਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redll (GA) ~ lਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redt (RP)
u zਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark red ũ Nasalized [u]
y blu roughly like cਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redte Nasalized [y]
Other symbols used for Franco-Provençal
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
Always falls on one of the final two syllables.
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 There appears to be considerable variation among [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [ʃ], and [c], as a result of the palatalization of /t/.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 There appears to be considerable variation among [d͡z], [d͡ʒ], [ʒ], and [ɟ], as a result of the palatalization of /d/.
  3. Varies in realization. [h], [x] (roughly like in ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redo) and [ç] (as in ਫਰਮਾ:Bold dark redue) all occur.
  4. The French rhotic varies from region to region, though it is often uvular (especially in Northern France); the more common pronunciations include a voiced uvular fricative ([ʁ]), a uvular trill ([ʀ]) and a voiceless uvular fricative ([χ]), albeit in many regions as well as in Switzerland and Italy the older alveolar trill ([r]) is still very common.

ਫਰਮਾ:IPA keys horizontal