ਮਦਦ:ਜਰਮਨ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents German language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See German phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of German.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|b]]	Ball^[1]	ball
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ç]]	ich, durch	hue
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|d]]	dann^[1]	done
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|f]]	Fass, Vogel	fuss
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɡ]]	Gast^[1]	guest
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|h]]	hat	hut
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|j]]	ja	yard
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|k]]	kalt	cold
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|l]]	Last	last
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|m]]	Mast	must
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|n]]	Naht	not
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ŋ]]	lang	long
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|p]]	Pakt	puck
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|pf]]	Pfahl	cupfull
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʁ]]	Rast^[2]	roughly like loch (Scottish English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʀ]]		No English equivalent
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|r]]		roughly like water (American English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|s]]	Hast	fast
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʃ]]	schal, Stein	shall
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|t]]	Tal	tall
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ts]]	Zahl	cats
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|tʃ]]	Matsch	match
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|v]]	was	vanish
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|x]]	Bach^[3]	loch (Scottish English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|z]]	Hase^[1]	hose
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʔ]]	beamtet^[4] ([bəˈʔamtət])	the glottal stop in uh-oh!
Non-native consonants
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|dʒ]]	Dschungel^[1]	jungle
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʒ]]	Genie^[1]	pleasure
Stress
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ˈ]]	Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])	as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ˌ]]	Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])	as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/

Vowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
Monophthongs
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|a]]	Dach	bra (but shorter)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|aː]]	Bahn	bra
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|eː]]	Beet	face
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɛ]]	Bett, hätte	bed
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɛː]]	wähle^[5]	says
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|iː]]	viel	feel
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɪ]]	bist	sit
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|oː]]	Boot	roughly like law (British English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɔ]]	Post	hospitality
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|øː]]	Öl	roughly like hurt
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|œ]]	göttlich	roughly like hurt
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|uː]]	Hut	true
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʊ]]	Putz	took
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|yː]]	Rübe	roughly like few
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʏ]]	füllt	much like the above but shorter
Diphthongs
aɪ	weit	tie
aʊ	Haut	how
ɔʏ	Heu, Räuber	roughly like boy
Reduced vowels
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɐ]]	Ober^[2]	fun
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ə]]	halte	comma (when pronounced without stress)
Semivowels
ɐ̯	Uhr^[2]	comma
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|i̯]]	Studie	studio
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|u̯]]	aktuell	actual
Non-native vowels^[6]
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|e]]	Methan	(short [eː])
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|i]]	vital	city (short [iː])
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|o]]	Moral	(short [oː])
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ø]]	Ökonom	(short [øː])
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|u]]	kulant	(short [uː])
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|y]]	Psychologie	(short [yː])

Notes[ਸੋਧੋ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 The German lenis consonants [b d ɡ z ʒ dʒ] are often pronounced without voice as [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ z̥ ʒ̊ d̥ʒ̊]. In Southern German, the voiceless pronunciation prevails.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker. While older prescriptive pronunciation dictionaries allowed only [r], this pronunciation is nowadays found mainly in Switzerland, Bavaria and Austria, while in other regions the uvular pronunciation prevails, with the allophones [ʁ] and [ʀ]. In many regions except for Switzerland, the /r/ in the syllable coda is vocalized to [ɐ̯] after long vowels or after all vowels, and /ər/ is pronounced as [ɐ]
↑ /x/ is realized as a uvular fricative [χ] after /a/, /aː/, and often /ʊ/, /ɔ/, and /aʊ/.
↑ In many varieties of German except for Swiss Standard German, all initial vowels are preceded by [ʔ].
↑ [ɛː] is often replaced by [eː].
↑ [e i o ø u y], the short versions of the long vowels [eː iː oː øː uː yː], are used in unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur only in loanwords. In native words, the accent is generally on the first syllable, and there are no syllables before the accent besides prepositional prefixes.