↑/a/ is relaxed to [ɐ] in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions (inang bayan[iˈnɐŋˈbɐjən]).
↑ 4.04.1[e, o] are allophones of /i, u/ in final syllables, but are distinct phonemes in some situations in native words and in English and Spanish loan words and foreign names.
↑The Tagalog /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ray (for most English dialects) and the vowel of send. The Tagalog vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
↑ 6.06.1[ɪ,ʊ] are allophones of/i,u/ and sometimes /e,o/ (the latter for English and Spanish loanwords and foreign names) in unstressed initial and medial syllables. See Tagalog phonology#Vowels and semivowels.
↑The Tagalog /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of code (for most English dialects) and the vowel of talk. The Tagalog vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
