ਮਦਦ:ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Persian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Persian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Persian.

Consonants^[1]
IPA	ਅੱਖਰ	ਮਿਸਾਲਾਂ	ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਤੁਲ
b	ب	برادر	beet
d	د	د‫وست‬	den
dʒ	ج	جوان	jazz
f	ف	فشار	fast
ɡ	گ	گروه	gate
ɣ	غ ^[2] ق	باغ	between gate and hat
ɢ	غ ^[2] ق	قلم
h	ه ح	هفت	hat
j	ی	یا	yard
k	ک	کشور	cat^[3]
l	ل	لب	land
m	م	مادر	man^[4]
n	ن	نان	neck
p	‫پ‬	‫پدر‬	pen^[3]
ɾ	ر	ایران	bitter in American English^[5]
s	س ص ث	سایه	sock
ʃ	‫ش‬	‫شاه‬	shah
t	ت ط	تا	tall^[3]
tʃ	چ	چوب	chip^[3]
v	و	ویژه	oven
x	خ	خانه	loch (Scottish)
z	ز ذ ض ظ	آزاد	jazz^[6]
ʒ	ژ	ژاله	vision^[7]
ʔ	ع ء	معنا	As in water, better, Let's go! in (Cockney) - department, not now! in RP - See T-glottalization
Marginal consonants
ŋ	نگ	رنگ	sing^[8]
Stress
ˈ ^[9]		ایران [iˈɾɒːn]	again /əˈɡeɪn/

Vowels
IPA	Letter	Examples	English approximation
Monophthongs
æ	َ ا ‎^[10]	نه	bat
ɒː	ا	تا	As in the interjection aw but slightly shorter in length - similar to caught (American English) or not (English English)
e^[11]	ِ ا ‎^[10]	که	between bate and bet^[12]
iː	ی	کی	beat
o	ا ُ و ‎^[10]	تو	boat (but shorter)^[13]
uː	و	تو	boot
Diphthongs
ei	ی	کی	bay, they
ou^[14]	و	نو	flow

ਹਵਾਲੇ

↑ Persian consonants can be geminated, especially in words from ਅਰਬੀ. This is represented in IPA by doubling the consonant: [sejjed].
↑ In Tehrani Persian, when /ɣ/ (spelled either غ or ق) occurs at the beginning and the end of a word, it is realized as a voiced uvular plosive [ɢ], the allophone is probably influenced by Turkic languages like Azeri; the sounds remain distinct in Persian dialects of southern Iran and Eastern Persian dialects (Dari and Tajik).
1 2 3 4 The unvoiced stops /p, t, tʃ, k/ are aspirated much like their English counterparts: they become aspirated when they begin a syllable, though aspiration is not contrastive.
↑ Also an allophone of /n/ before bilabial consonants.
↑ A trilled allophone [r] occurs word-initially in native vocabulary (Spanish/Italian/Russian R); trill [r] as a separate phoneme occurs word-medially in loanwords of especially Arabic origin as a result of gemination of [ɾ].
↑ Also an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants.
↑ Also an allophone of /ʃ/ before voiced consonants.
↑ Velar nasal [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before [g], [k], [ɣ], [ɢ], and [x] in native vocabulary.
↑ Stress falls on the last stem syllable of most words. For the various exception and other clarifications, see Persian phonology#Stress
1 2 3 In the modern Persian script, the "short" vowels /æ/, /e/, /o/ are usually not written as is done in the Arabic alphabet; only the long vowels /ɒː/, /iː/, /uː/ are represented in the text. This, of course, creates certain ambiguities.
↑ [e] is also an allophone of /æ/ in word-final position in contemporary Iranian Persian.
↑ The Persian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of bate (for most English dialects) and the vowel of bet; the Persian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
↑ The Persian /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of boat (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw; the Persian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
↑ /ou/ becomes [o] in colloquial Tehrani dialect but is preserved in other Western dialects and standard Western Persian.

[1] Persian consonants can be geminated, especially in words from ਅਰਬੀ. This is represented in IPA by doubling the consonant: [sejjed].

[q-2] In Tehrani Persian, when /ɣ/ (spelled either غ or ق) occurs at the beginning and the end of a word, it is realized as a voiced uvular plosive [ɢ], the allophone is probably influenced by Turkic languages like Azeri; the sounds remain distinct in Persian dialects of southern Iran and Eastern Persian dialects (Dari and Tajik).

[pt-3] 1 2 3 4 The unvoiced stops /p, t, tʃ, k/ are aspirated much like their English counterparts: they become aspirated when they begin a syllable, though aspiration is not contrastive.

[4] Also an allophone of /n/ before bilabial consonants.

[5] A trilled allophone [r] occurs word-initially in native vocabulary (Spanish/Italian/Russian R); trill [r] as a separate phoneme occurs word-medially in loanwords of especially Arabic origin as a result of gemination of [ɾ].

[6] Also an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants.

[7] Also an allophone of /ʃ/ before voiced consonants.

[8] Velar nasal [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before [g], [k], [ɣ], [ɢ], and [x] in native vocabulary.

[9] Stress falls on the last stem syllable of most words. For the various exception and other clarifications, see Persian phonology#Stress

[short-10] 1 2 3 In the modern Persian script, the "short" vowels /æ/, /e/, /o/ are usually not written as is done in the Arabic alphabet; only the long vowels /ɒː/, /iː/, /uː/ are represented in the text. This, of course, creates certain ambiguities.

[11] [e] is also an allophone of /æ/ in word-final position in contemporary Iranian Persian.

[12] The Persian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of bate (for most English dialects) and the vowel of bet; the Persian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.

[13] The Persian /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of boat (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw; the Persian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.

[14] /ou/ becomes [o] in colloquial Tehrani dialect but is preserved in other Western dialects and standard Western Persian.

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