ਮਦਦ:IPA for Icelandic

ਫਰਮਾ:IPA key The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Icelandic language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-is}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters § Notes.

See Icelandic phonology and Icelandic orthography § Function of symbols for a more thorough look at the sounds of Icelandic.

Consonants IPA Examples English approximation c gys skew cː baggi, seggja American backgammon cʰ kær cute ç hjá hue ð veður weather f fyrir, dýpka fun fː kaffi offfield ɣ laga Spanish trigo h hús hop hc ekki skew (with an h sound before it) hk þakka sky (with an h sound before it) hp tappi spy (with an h sound before it) ht stutt sty (with an h sound before it) j jú, lagi yes k göng, líka sky kʰ koma kite kː hryggur stockgirl l líf leap l̥ stelpa, jökull same as above but voiceless, like hl lː bolla Italian bella m miði moon m̥ lampi same as above but voiceless, like hm mː hlemmur roommate n níu noon n̥ hnífur same as above but voiceless, like hn nː brenna unknown ɲ lengi canyon ɲ̊ banki same as above but voiceless, like hny ŋ ungs sing ŋ̊ þungt same as above but voiceless, like hng p böl, hjálpa, nafni spy pʰ páfi pie pː kobbi flipbook r rós ring, but trilled r̥ hreinn same as above but voiceless, like hr rː marra Italian terra s saga between sip and ship (retracted) sː messa between this sip and trash ship (retracted) t dagur, út, jökull sty tʰ tala tie tː oddur outdo θ það think v verk, afi very x sjúkt, sagt Scottish loch xʷ hver (rare) why (without the wine–whine merger)

Vowels IPA Examples English approximation Monophthongs a karl art aː raka father ɛ kenna bet ɛː nema roughly like yes i fínt, sýndi leaf iː líf, hlýt leave ɪ yrði kit ɪː yfir, vita kid ɔ loft RP or Australian hot ɔː von roughly like water œ dökk nurse œː öl French actuel, but with lips rounded from start to end u ungur boot uː núna food ʏ upp German Mütter; like kit with lips rounded ʏː kul German schön; like kid with lips rounded Diphthongs ai ætla RP right aiː æfing pie au sjálfur mouth auː páfi allow ei engi pace eiː heim pay ɔi bogi choice ou hóll goat ouː kópur goal œi laust Scottish or Canadian rite œiː auga ʏi hugi No English equivalent Other symbols IPA Explanation ˈ◌ primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable, e.g. langur [ˈlauŋkʏr̥]) ˌ◌ secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable, e.g. afmælisdagur [ˈamailɪsˌtaːɣʏr̥])

Bibliography

• Nakli itihaas jo likheya geya hai kade na vaapriya jo ohna de base te, saade te saada itihaas bna ke ehna ne thop dittiyan. anglo sikh war te ek c te 3-4 jagaha te kiwe chal rahi c ikko war utto saal 1848 jdo angrej sara punjab 1845 ch apne under kar chukke c te oh 1848 ch kihna nal jang ladd rahe c.
• Nakli itihaas jo likheya geya hai kade na vaapriya jo ohna de base te, saade te saada itihaas bna ke ehna ne thop dittiyan. anglo sikh war te ek c te 3-4 jagaha te kiwe chal rahi c ikko war utto saal 1848 jdo angrej sara punjab 1845 ch apne under kar chukke c te oh 1848 ch kihna nal jang ladd rahe c.
• Gussmann, Edmund (2011). "Getting your head around: the vowel system of Modern Icelandic" (PDF). Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia. 12: 71–90. ISBN 978-83-232-2296-5.
• Haugen, Einar (1958). "The Phonemics of Modern Icelandic". Language. 34 (1): 55–88. doi:10.2307/411276. JSTOR 411276.
• Volhardt, Marc Daniel Skibsted (2011). Islændinges udtale af dansk. En sammenlignende analyse af lydsystemerne i islandsk og dansk, og islandske studerendes danskudtale (Bachelor's degree essay) (in Danish). Reykjavík: University of Iceland.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

External links

• Icelandic Pronunciation Dictionary (Note: The dataset has multiple minor errors, it is often missing aspiration signs and some entries use a non-standard transcription of diphthongs)