ਸਜ਼ਾ

ਸਜ਼ਾ (ਅੰਗ੍ਰੇਜ਼ੀ: Punishment) ਕਿਸੇ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਜਾਂ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਜਾਂ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਆਦਰਸ਼ ਨੂੰ ਭੰਗ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਕੀਤੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਹੈ। ਸਜ਼ਾ, ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ, ਕਿਸੇ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਸਮੂਹ 'ਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਅਣਚਾਹੇ ਜਾਂ ਅਣਸੁਖਾਵੇਂ ਨਤੀਜੇ ਨੂੰ ਥੋਪਣਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕਿਸੇ ਅਥਾਰਟੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] - ਬਾਲ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਅਪਰਾਧਿਕ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਤੱਕ ਦੇ ਸੰਦਰਭਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ - ਕਿਸੇ ਖਾਸ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਜਾਂ ਵਿਵਹਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਕਣ ਲਈ ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਅਣਚਾਹੇ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।^[6] ਇਹ ਰਾਜ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਲਾਗੂ ਕਨੂੰਨ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦਿਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਜ਼ਾ ਜਰਮਾਨੇ, ਦੰਡ ਅਤੇ ਕੈਦ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ।^[7]

ਹਵਾਲੇ

↑ Edwards, Jonathan (1824), The salvation of all men strictly examined: and the endless punishment of those who die impenitent : argued and defended against the objections and reasonings of the late Rev. Doctor Chauncy, of Boston; in his book entitled "The Salvation of all Men," &c, C. Ewer and T. Bedlington, 1824, p. 157
↑ Bingham, Joseph (1712). "Volume 1 of A Scholastical History Of The Practice of the Church In Reference to the Administration of Baptism By Laymen". A Scholastical History of the Practice of the Church in Reference to the Administration of Baptism by Laymen. 1. Knaplock, 1712: 25.
↑ Grotius, Hugo (1715). "H. Grotius of the Rights of War and Peace: In Three Volumes: in which are Explain'd the Laws and Claims of Nature and Nations, and the Principal Points that Relate Either to Publick Government, Or the Conduct of Private Life: Together with the Author's Own Notes: Done Into English..., Volume 2". H. Grotius of the Rights of War and Peace: In Three Volumes: In Which Are Explain'd the Laws and Claims of Nature and Nations, and the Principal Points That Relate Either to Publick Government, or the Conduct of Private Life: Together with the Author's Own Notes: Done into English by Several Hands: With the Addition of the Author's Life by the Translators: Dedicated to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Hugo Grotius. 2. D. Brown..., T. Ward..., and W. Meares, 1715: 524.
↑ Casper, Johann Ludwig (1864). "A Handbook of the practice of forensic medicine v. 3 1864". A Handbook of the Practice of Forensic Medicine. 3. New Sydenham Society: 2.
↑ J, Lubbock (1882). "Laws". The origin of civilisation and the primitive condition of man: Mental and social condition of savages (4th ed.). pp. 443–480. doi:10.1037/13470-010.
↑ Lee Hansen, Marcus (1918). "Old Fort Snelling, 1819-1858". Mid-America Series. State Historical Society of Iowa, 1918: 124.
↑ Gade, Christian B. N. (2020). "Is restorative justice punishment?". Conflict Resolution Quarterly. 38 (3): 127–155. doi:10.1002/crq.21293.

[1] Edwards, Jonathan (1824), The salvation of all men strictly examined: and the endless punishment of those who die impenitent : argued and defended against the objections and reasonings of the late Rev. Doctor Chauncy, of Boston; in his book entitled "The Salvation of all Men," &c, C. Ewer and T. Bedlington, 1824, p. 157

[2] Bingham, Joseph (1712). "Volume 1 of A Scholastical History Of The Practice of the Church In Reference to the Administration of Baptism By Laymen". A Scholastical History of the Practice of the Church in Reference to the Administration of Baptism by Laymen. 1. Knaplock, 1712: 25.

[3] Grotius, Hugo (1715). "H. Grotius of the Rights of War and Peace: In Three Volumes: in which are Explain'd the Laws and Claims of Nature and Nations, and the Principal Points that Relate Either to Publick Government, Or the Conduct of Private Life: Together with the Author's Own Notes: Done Into English..., Volume 2". H. Grotius of the Rights of War and Peace: In Three Volumes: In Which Are Explain'd the Laws and Claims of Nature and Nations, and the Principal Points That Relate Either to Publick Government, or the Conduct of Private Life: Together with the Author's Own Notes: Done into English by Several Hands: With the Addition of the Author's Life by the Translators: Dedicated to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Hugo Grotius. 2. D. Brown..., T. Ward..., and W. Meares, 1715: 524.

[4] Casper, Johann Ludwig (1864). "A Handbook of the practice of forensic medicine v. 3 1864". A Handbook of the Practice of Forensic Medicine. 3. New Sydenham Society: 2.

[5] J, Lubbock (1882). "Laws". The origin of civilisation and the primitive condition of man: Mental and social condition of savages (4th ed.). pp. 443–480. doi:10.1037/13470-010.

[6] Lee Hansen, Marcus (1918). "Old Fort Snelling, 1819-1858". Mid-America Series. State Historical Society of Iowa, 1918: 124.

[Is_restorative_justice_punishment-7] Gade, Christian B. N. (2020). "Is restorative justice punishment?". Conflict Resolution Quarterly. 38 (3): 127–155. doi:10.1002/crq.21293.

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