ਸਮੱਗਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ

ਡਾਇਰ ਭੇੜੀਆ

ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ

ਡਾਇਰ ਭੇੜੀਆ (ਕੈਨਿਸ ਡਿਰਸ, "ਡਰਾਉਣਾ ਕੁੱਤਾ") ਜੀਨਸ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਅਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਰਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਮਸ਼ਹੂਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਮਾਸਾਹਾਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਹੈ, ਇਸਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਅਲੋਪ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਬਰ-ਦੰਦਾਂ ਵਾਲੀ ਸਮਾਈਲਡਨ ਫੈਟਲਿਸ ਬਿੱਲੀ ਹੈ। ਪਛੜੇ ਪਲਾਇਸਟੋਸੀਨ ਅਤੇ ਮੁੱਢਲੇ ਹੋਲੋਸੀਨ ਯੁੱਗ (125,000-9,500 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ) ਦੌਰਾਨ ਡਾਇਰ ਭੇੜੀਆ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ। ਪਹਿਲੇ ਕੁਝ ਨਮੂਨਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਮਿਲਣ ਤੋਂ ਚਾਰ ਸਾਲ ਬਾਅਦ ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਾਜਾਤੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ 1858 ਵਿੱਚ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੋ ਉਪ-ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਨਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੈ: ਪਹਿਲੀ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਡਿਰਸ ਗਿਲਦਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਦੂਜੀ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਡਿਰਸ ਡਿਰਸ ਆਦਿ। ਡਾਇਰ ਭੇੜੀਆ ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਆਰਬਰਬਸਟਰ ਦੇ ਭੇੜੀਏ (ਕੈਨਿਸ ਆਰਬਰਬਸਟਰਿ) ਤੋਂ ਵਿਕਸਤ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਸੰਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਲਾਸ ਏਂਜਲਸ ਦੇ ਰਾਂਚੋ ਲਾ ਬ੍ਰੀਆ ਟਾਰ ਪਿਟਸ ਤੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।

ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਮੈਦਾਨਾਂ, ਘਾਹ ਦੇ ਮੈਦਾਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਜੰਗਲ ਵਾਲੇ ਕੁਝ ਪਹਾੜੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ, ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਸੁੱਕੇ ਸੁਨਾਹ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਭੇੜੀਏ ਦੇ ਨਿਵਾਸ ਸਥਾਨ ਵਜੋਂ ਪਾਏ ਗਏ ਹਨ। ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ ਤਲ ਤੋਂ ਉੱਚਾਈ 2,255 meters (7,400 ft) ਹੈ। ਡਾਇਰ ਭੇੜੀਏ ਦੇ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਹਿੱਸੇ 42 42 ਦੇ ਉੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਹੀ ਲੱਭੇ ਗਏ। ਇਸ ਅਧਾਰ ਤੇ ਸਿਰਫ ਪੰਜ ਗੈਰ-ਪੁਸ਼ਟੀ ਰਿਪੋਰਟਾਂ ਆਈਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਸੀਮਾ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਬੰਧ ਲੌਰੇਨਟਾਈਡ ਅਤੇ ਕੋਰਡਿਲਰਨ ਬਰਫ਼ ਦੀਆਂ ਚਾਦਰਾਂ ਜੋ ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਸੀ ਦੇ ਨਜਦੀਕੀ ਤਾਪਮਾਨ, ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਜਾਂ ਰਿਹਾਇਸ਼ੀ ਸੀਮਾਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਨ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ

[ਸੋਧੋ]
ਪੇਜ ਮਿਊਜ਼ੀਅਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਤ ਡਾਇਰ ਭੇੜੀਏ ਦੀਆਂ 404 ਖੋਪੜੀਆਂ ਜੋ ਲਾ ਬ੍ਰੀਆ ਟਾਰ ਪਿਟਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਲੀਆਂ ਸਨ।[1]

1850 ਵੇਂ ਦਹਾਕੇ ਤੋਂ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਲੋਪ ਹੋਏ ਵੱਡੇ ਭੇੜੀਏ ਦੇ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਅਵਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਪਾਏ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ ਪਰ ਇਹ ਤੁਰੰਤ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਸਾਰੇ ਇੱਕ ਜਾਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਸਨ। ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਡਿਰਸ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਇਸਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਨਮੂਨਾ 1854 ਦੇ ਅੱਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੰਡੀਆਨਾ ਦੇ ਇਵਾਨਸਵਿਲੇ ਨੇੜੇ ਓਹੀਓ ਨਦੀ ਕਿਨਾਰੇ ਪਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ। ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ ਜੋਸੇਫ ਗ੍ਰੈਨਵਿਲੇ ਨੋਰਵੁੱਡ ਨੇ ਈਵੈਨਸਵਿੱਲੇ ਦੇ ਕੁਲੈਕਟਰ ਫ੍ਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਏ ਲਿੰਕ ਤੋਂ ਗਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੰਦਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਫੋਸਿਲਾਇਜਡ ਜਬਾੜੇ ਨੂੰ ਹਾਸਿਲ ਕੀਤਾ। ਪੁਰਾਤੱਤਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ ਜੋਸੇਫ ਲੇਡੀ ਨੇ ਇਹ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਨਮੂਨਾ ਭੇੜੀਏ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਅਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਰਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਪ੍ਰਾਈਮੈਵਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਹੇਠ ਇਸਦੀ ਰਿਪੋਰਟ ਦਰਜ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ।[2] ਫਿਲਾਡੇਲਫੀਆ ਦੀ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਕੈਡਮੀ ਵਿਖੇ ਨੌਰਵੁੱਡ ਦੇ ਪੱਤਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲੈਡੀ ਨੂੰ ਲਿਖੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਮੂਨੇ (ਇਕ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਵਰਣਨ ਹੈ) ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।1857 ਵਿੱਚ ਨੇਬਰਾਸਕਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੀਓਬਰਾ ਨਦੀ ਘਾਟੀ ਦੀ ਖੋਜ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਲੇਡੀ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਅਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਰਹੀ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਪ੍ਰਾਜਾਤੀ ਦਾ ਵਰਟਬਰਾ ਮਿਲਿਆ ਜਿਸਨੇ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਡਾਇਰਸ ਨਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ।[3]   ਪ੍ਰਾਈਮੇਵਸ (ਲੇਡੀ 1854) ਨੂੰ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੈਨਿਸ ਇੰਡੀਅਨਸਿਸ (ਲੇਡੀ 1869) ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਜਦੋਂ ਲੇਡੀ ਨੂੰ ਪਤਾ ਲੱਗਿਆ ਕਿ ਇਸਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਪ੍ਰੀਮਾਏਵਸ ਸੀ, ਜੋ ਪਿਛਲੀ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਕੁਦਰਤਵਾਦੀ ਬ੍ਰਾਇਨ ਹੌਟਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ।[4]

ਇਹ ਵੀ ਵੇਖੋ

[ਸੋਧੋ]
  • ਬਰਜੀਨੀਆ ਭੇੜੀਆ
  • ਹੋਲੋਸੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਲੋਪ ਹੋਏ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਜਾਨਵਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ

ਨੋਟਸ

[ਸੋਧੋ]

ਹਵਾਲੇ

[ਸੋਧੋ]
  1. ↑ Page Museum. "View the collections at Rancho La Brea". The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
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  3. ↑ Leidy, J. (1858). "Notice of remains of extinct vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition, Proceedings". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 10: 21.
  4. ↑ Leidy, J. (1869). "The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska, including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 7: 368.
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