ਨਰਗਸ (ਬੂਟਾ)

ਨਰਗਸ Temporal range: 24–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ਪਿਛਲਾ ਓਲੀਗੋਸੀਨ - ਹਾਲੀਆ
ਨਾਰਸਿਸਸ ਪੀਟੀਕਸ
Scientific classification
Type species
ਨਾਰਸਿਸਸ ਪੀਟੀਕਸ ਲ.

ਨਾ. ਪੀਟੀਕਸ. ਥੋਮੇ: ਫ਼ਲੌਰਾ ਵੌਨ ਡੌਇੱਚਲਾਂਡ, ਅਸਟਰਾਈਸ਼ ਉਂਡ ਡੇਆ ਸ਼ਵਾਇਤਸ (1885) ਵਿੱਚ ਬੂਟੇ ਦੇ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਦਾ ਵੇਰਵਾ

ਨਰਗਸ ਜਾਂ ਨਰਗਿਸ ਕਰੜੇ, ਬਹਾਰ 'ਚ ਖਿੜਨ ਵਾਲ਼ੇ ਅਤੇ ਗੰਢੇ ਵਰਗੇ ਬਾਰਾਂਮਾਹੀ ਬੂਟਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਜਿਨਸ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਐਮਰਿਲੀਡੇਸੀ ਪਰਵਾਰ ਦੇ ਐਮਰਿਲੀਡੋਇਡੀ ਉੱਪ-ਪਰਵਾਰ ਦੇ ਜੀਅ ਹਨ।

ਕਿਤਾਬ-ਮਾਲ਼ਾ

ਆਮ

ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਸਮੇਂ

• Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder) (1856). Bostock, John; Riley, H. T. (eds.). Natural History Book XXI (Volume Four). London: Henry G Bohn. Retrieved 3 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder) (1906). Mayhoff, Karl Friedrich Theodor (ed.). "Naturalis Historia". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 3 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Vergilius Maro, Publius (Virgil) (1770). Davidson, Joseph (ed.). The Works of Virgil: Translated Into English Prose, as Near the Original as the Different Idioms of the Latin and English Languages Will Allow & etc (5 ed.). London: J Beecroft et al. Retrieved 27 September 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Pausanias (1918). Jones, W.H.S. (ed.). "Description of Greece". Perseus Digital Library. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved 19 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dioscuridis Anazarbei, Pedanii (1906). Wellman, Max (ed.). De materia medica libri quinque. Volume II. Berlin: Apud Weidmannos. Retrieved 20 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Theophrastus (1916). Hort, Arthur (ed.). Theophrastus: Enquiry into Plants vol. ii. London and New York: William Heinemann and G.P. Putnam's Sons: Loeb Classical Library. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਮੁੜ-ਸੁਰਜੀਤੀ

• Turner, William (1551). Chapman, George T. L.; Tweddle, Marilyn N.; McCombie, Frank (eds.). William Turner, a New Herball Parts II and III (1995 reprint. Original at Rare Book Room Spread 188). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521445493. Retrieved 2 November 2014. {{cite book}}: External link in |format= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Clusius, Carolus (1576). Atrebat Rariorum alioquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia: libris duobus expressas. Antwerp: Plantinus. Retrieved 5 November 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Camerarius, Joachim (The Younger) (1588). Hortus medicus et philosophicus: In quo plurimorum stirpium breves descriptiones. Frankfurt: S. Feyerabend, H. Dack, & P. Fischer. Retrieved 10 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• de l'Obel, Matthias (1591). Icones stirpium. Antwerp. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
• Besler, Basilius (1613). Hortus Eystettensis, sive, Diligens et accurata omnium plantarum, florum, stirpium: ex variis orbis terrae partibus, singulari studio collectarum, quae in celeberrimis viridariis arcem episcopalem ibidem cingentibus, olim conspiciebantur delineatio et ad vivum repraesentatio et advivum repraesentatio opera. Nuremburg. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45339. Retrieved 10 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਅਠ੍ਹਾਰਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਉੱਨੀਵਾਂ ਸੈਂਕੜਾ

• Hale, Thomas (1757). Hill, John (ed.). Eden, or, A compleat body of gardening: containing plain and familiar directions for raising the several useful products of a garden, fruits, roots, and herbage, from the practice of the most successful gardeners, and the result of a long experience. London: Osborne. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Linné, Carl von (1784). Murray, Johann Andreas (ed.). Systema vegetabilium (14th edition of Systema Naturae). Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum. London: Taylor. Retrieved 30 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• De Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1815a). Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse ; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique (vol. III) (3 ed.). Paris: Desray. Retrieved 29 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• De Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1815b). Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse ; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique (vol. V) (3 ed.). Paris: Desray. Retrieved 29 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Redouté, Pierre Joseph; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1805–1808). Les liliacées. Paris: Redouté. Retrieved 1 November 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• A. P. de Candolle (1813). Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux. Retrieved 5 February 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wilkes, John, ed. (1819). "Narcissus". Encyclopaedia Londinensis vol. 16. London. pp. 576–580. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
• Linnaeus, Carl (1829). Schultes, Josef August; Schultes, Julius Hermann (eds.). Systema vegetabilium. Stuttgardt: J. G. Cottae. Retrieved 25 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Herbert, William (1837). Amaryllidaceae: Preceded by an Attempt to Arrange the Monocotyledonous Orders, and Followed by a Treatise on Cross-bred Vegetables, and Supplement. London: Ridgway. Retrieved 20 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Spach, Edouard (1846). Histoire naturelle des végétaux: Phanérogames (vol 12). Paris: Roret. Retrieved 20 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burnett, M. A. (1850). "Narcissus angustifolius". Plantae utiliores: or illustrations of useful plants, employed in the arts and medicine, Part VIII. London: Whittaker. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
• Salisbury, Richard Anthony; Gray, J. E. (1866). The Genera of Plants (Unpublished fragment.). Retrieved 26 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Prior, Richard Chandler Alexander (1870). On the popular names of British Plants, being an explanation of the origin and meaning of the names of our indigenous and most commonly cultivated species (2 ed.). London: Williams & Norgate. Retrieved 6 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਅਜੋਕੇ

• Narcissus (11 ed.). Encyclopaedia Brittanica. 1911. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
• Lloyd, David G; Barrett, Spencer C.H., eds. (1995). Floral biology: studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants. New York: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 0412043416. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
• Leeds, Rod; Hedge, Ronald; Hawthorne, Linden, eds. (1997). RHS Plant Guides: Bulbs. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0751303054.
• Duke, James A. (2007). Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 0849382033. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
• Leyel, C. F. (2007). "Herbs for the Skin". Cinquefoil. Pomeroy, WA: Health Research Books. p. 289. ISBN 0787314137. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
• Mabberley, David J (2008). Mabberley's Plant-Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1107782597. Retrieved 8 January 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Williams, D. M.; Knapp, Sandra, eds. (2010). Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-26772-9. Retrieved 15 February 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo, ed. (2012). Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production. CRC Press. p. 30. ISBN 1-4398-4924-2.
• S.J. Enna, S.J.; Norton, Stata (2012). "12. Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)". Herbal Supplements and the Brain: Understanding Their Health Benefits and Hazards. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press Science. pp. 149–160. ISBN 0132825015. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
• Kubitzki, K., ed. (1998). The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-64060-6. Retrieved 14 January 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

-

• ICN (2011). "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants". Bratislava: International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Archived from the original on 4 ਨਵੰਬਰ 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ਪੌਦੇ

• Thomé, Otto Wilhelm (1903). Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (vol. I) (2 ed.). Gera: Zezschwitz. Retrieved 22 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (1996). "Narcissus". Flora of Great Britain and Ireland:: Volume 5, Butomaceae - Orchidaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 285–293. ISBN 0521553393. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
• Cullen, James (2011). "Narcissus". In Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne Cubey (eds.). The European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass (vol. 1. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae) (2 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 205 ff. ISBN 0521761476. Retrieved 21 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Tutin, T. G.; et al., eds. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5, Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (monocotyledones) (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052120108X. Retrieved 4 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |editor2-last= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• "Narcissus". Flora Iberica. Real Jardín Botánico. 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
• "Narcissus, in Flora of China: Vol. 24". p. 269. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
• "Narcissus". Flora of North America vol 26. Retrieved 19 October 2014.

ਨਰਗਸ

ਲੇਖ

• Pugsley, H.W (1933). "A monograph of Narcissus, subgenus Ajax" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. 58: 17–93. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
• Wylie, Ann P (1952). "The history of the garden Narcissi". Heredity. 6 (2): 137–156. doi:10.1038/hdy.1952.16. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
• Meyer, Frederick G (April 1961). "Exploring for Wild Narcissus" (PDF). The American Horticultural Magazine. 40 (2): 211–220. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
• American Horticultural Society (January 1966). "The Daffodil Handbook". Amer. Hort. Mag. 45 (1). Retrieved 19 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Webb, DA (1978). "Taxonomic notes on Narcissus L". Bot J Linn Soc. 76 ((June) 4): 298–307. Retrieved 23 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Meyer, F. G. (January 1966). "Narcissus species and wild hybrids" (PDF). Amer. Hort. Mag. 45 (1): 47–76. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
• Spaulding, Daniel D.; Barger, T. Wayne (2014). "Key to the wild daffodils (Narcissus, Amaryllidaceae) of Alabama and adjacent states" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 82: 1–10. ISSN 2153-733X. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

ਜਾਤੀ-ਜਣਨ

• Graham, S. W.; Barrett, S. C. H. (1 July 2004). "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of stylar polymorphisms in Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (7): 1007–1021. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1007. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Harder, Lawrence D. (2 September 2004). "The evolution of polymorphic sexual systems in daffodils (Narcissus)". New Phytologist. 165 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01183.x. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Rønsted, Nina; Savolainen, Vincent; Mølgaard, Per; Jäger, Anna K. (May–June 2008). "Phylogenetic selection of Narcissus species for drug discovery". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 36 (5–6): 417–422. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2007.12.010. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Zonneveld, B. J. M. (24 September 2008). "The systematic value of nuclear DNA content for all species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 275 (1–2): 109–132. doi:10.1007/s00606-008-0015-1. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2008). "Narcissorum notulae, X" (PDF). Fontqueria. 55: 547–558. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
• Jiménez, Juan F.; Sánchez-Gómez, Pedro; Guerra, Juan; Molins, Arántzazu; Rosselló, Josep A. (12 June 2009). "Regional Speciation or Taxonomic Inflation? The Status of Several Narrowly Distributed and Endangered Species of Narcissus Using ISSR and Nuclear Ribosomal ITS Markers". Folia Geobotanica. 44 (2): 145–158. doi:10.1007/s12224-009-9040-2. Retrieved 29 October 2014. (Full text on Research Gate)
• Zonneveld, B. J.M. (8 July 2010). "The involvement of Narcissus hispanicus Gouan in the origin of Narcissus bujei and of cultivated trumpet daffodils (Amaryllidaceae)". Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid. 67 (1): 29–39. doi:10.3989/ajbm.2219. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
• Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2011). "Narcissorum Notulae, XXXI" (PDF). Fontqueria. 56 (26): 239–248. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
• Gage, Ewan; Wilkin, Paul; Chase, Mark W.; Hawkins, Julie (2011). "Phylogenetic systematics of Sternbergia (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid and ITS sequence data". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 166 (2): 149–162. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01138.x. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Marques, I.; Nieto Feliner, G.; Martins-Loucao, M. A.; Fuertes Aguilar, J. (11 November 2011). "Genome size and base composition variation in natural and experimental Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) hybrids". Annals of Botany. 109 (1): 257–264. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr282. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Santos-Gally, Rocío; Vargas, Pablo; Arroyo, Juan (April 2012). "Insights into Neogene Mediterranean biogeography based on phylogenetic relationships of mountain and lowland lineages of Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (4): 782–798. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02526.x. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
• Medrano, Mónica; López-Perea, Esmeralda; Herrera, Carlos M. (June 2014). "Population Genetics Methods Applied to a Species Delimitation Problem: Endemic Trumpet Daffodils (Narcissus Section Pseudonarcissi) from the Southern Iberian Peninsula". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 175 (5): 501–517. doi:10.1086/675977. Retrieved 5 October 2014.

ਦਵਾਈ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ

• John M. Riddle, John M. (September 1985). "Ancient and Medieval Chemotherapy for Cancer" (PDF). Isis. 76 (3): 319–330. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
• Bastida, Jaume; Lavilla, Rodolfo; Viladomat, Francesc Viladomat (2006). Cordell, G. A. (ed.). "Chemical and biological aspects of "Narcissus" alkaloids" (PDF). The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc. 63: 87–179. doi:10.1016/S1099-4831(06)63003-4. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
• Kornienko, Alexander; Evidente, Antonio (2008). "Chemistry, Biology, and Medicinal Potential of Narciclasine and its Congeners". Chemical Reviews. 108 (6): 1982–2014. doi:10.1021/cr078198u. PMC 2856661. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
• Pettit, George R.; Tan, Rui; Bao, Guan-Hu; Melody, Noeleen; Doubek, Dennis L.; Gao, Song; Chapuis, Jean-Charles; Williams, Lee (27 April 2012). "Antineoplastic Agents. 587. Isolation and Structure of 3-Epipancratistatin from Narcissus cv. Ice Follies". Journal of Natural Products. 75 (4): 771–773. doi:10.1021/np200862y. PMID 22413911. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
• Pigni, Natalia B.; Ríos-Ruiz, Segundo; Martínez-Francés, Vanessa; Nair, Jerald J.; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Bastida, Jaume (28 September 2012). "Alkaloids from Narcissus serotinus". Journal of Natural Products. 75 (9): 1643–1647. doi:10.1021/np3003595. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
• Pigni, Natalia B.; Ríos-Ruiz, Segundo; Luque, F. Javier; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Bastida, Jaume (November 2013). "Wild daffodils of the section Ganymedes from the Iberian Peninsula as a source of mesembrane alkaloids". Phytochemistry. 95: 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.010. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
• Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred (31 May 2013). "Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14 (6): 11713–11741. doi:10.3390/ijms140611713. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
• Berkov, Strahil; Martínez-Francés, Vanessa; Bastida, Jaume; Codina, Carles; Ríos, Segundo (March 2014). "Evolution of alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Narcissus". Phytochemistry. 99: 95–106. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.002. Retrieved 31 October 2014.

ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ

• Haworth, A.H. (1831). Narcissinearum Monographia (PDF) (2 ed.). London: Ridgway. Retrieved 20 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burbidge, Frederick William (1875). The Narcissus: Its History and Culture: With Coloured Plates and Descriptions of All Known Species and Principal Varieties. London: L. Reeve & Company. Retrieved 28 September 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) (also available as pdf)
• Barr, Peter; Burbidge, F.W. (1884). Ye Narcissus Or Daffodyl Flowere, Containing Hys Historie and Culture, &C., With a Compleat Liste of All the Species and Varieties Known to Englyshe Amateurs. London: Barre & Sonne. ISBN 978-1104534271. Retrieved 2 November 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Blanchard, J. W. (1990). Narcissus: a guide to wild daffodils. Surrey, UK: Alpine Garden Society. ISBN 0900048530. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
• Erhardt, Walter (1993). Narzissen: Osterglocken, Jonquillen, Tazetten. Stuttgart (Hohenheim): E. Ulmer. ISBN 3800164892. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
• Hanks, Gordon R (2002). Narcissus and Daffodil: The Genus Narcissus. London: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 0415273447. Retrieved 2 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟਾਂ

• Libertiny, Susan (5 February 2013). "Peter Barr – The King of Daffoldils". All about my garden. Archived from the original on 2 ਨਵੰਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
• Trinklein, David (2007). "Spring Flowering Bulbs: Daffodils". University of Missouri Extension. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
• Van Beck, John; Christman, Steve (3 Oct 2005). "Narcissus". Floridata. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
• Vigneron, Pascal. "Narcissus". Amaryllidaceae.org (in French). Archived from the original on 29 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

ਅਤੀਤੀ ਘੋਖ

• Anonymous (May–October 1887). "Homer the botanist". Macmillan's Magazine. London: Macmillan and Company. 56: 428–436. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
• Arber, Agnes (1912). Herbals, Their Origin and Evolution: A Chapter in the History of Botany 1470-1670. Cambridge University Press 1912. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
• Krausch, Heinz D (2012). 'Kaiserkron und Päonien rot?': Entdeckung und Einführung unserer Gartenblumen. Munich: Dölling und Galitz Verlag G. ISBN 3862180220. Retrieved 16 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਸਾਹਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਕਲਾ

ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ

• Singer, Samuel Weller, ed. (1846). Hesperides: or, The works both humane and divine of Robert Herrick, Volume 1. London: William Pickering. Retrieved 1 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse, ed. (1889). Sophocles: the plays and fragments with critical notes, commentary, and translation in English prose. Part II. The Oedipus Coloneus (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• McClintock, John; Strong, James (1889). Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, Vol. IX RH-ST. New York: Harper & Brothers. Retrieved 8 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Zimmerman, Clayton (1994). The pastoral Narcissus: a study of the first idyll of Theocritus. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0847679624. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
• Jashemski, Wilhelmina Feemster; Meyer, Frederick G., eds. (2002). The natural history of Pompeii. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521800544. Retrieved 19 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Reece, Steve (2007). "Homer's Asphodel Meadow". Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies. 47 (4): 389–400. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

ਮੁੜ-ਸੁਰਜੀਤੀ

• Shakespeare, William (1623). "The Winter's Tale". The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Archived from the original on 12 ਨਵੰਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• D'Ancona, Mirella Levi (1977). Garden of the Renaissance: Botanical Symbolism in Italian Painting. Firenze: Casa Editrice Leo S.Olschki. ISBN 9788822217899.
• Sparrow, Lady Amie (November 2007). "Flowers and Their Renaissance Symbolism". The Bull, Newsletter for the Barony of Stierbach, Vol. 10 Issue XI. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

ਅਜੋਕੇ

• Wordsworth, William (1807). Poems in Two Volumes, VOL. II. Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Retrieved 12 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lewis, C. Day (1992). The Complete Poems. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804725853. Retrieved 5 November 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਇਸਲਾਮ

• Schimmel, Annemarie (1984). Stern und Blume: die Bilderwelt der persischen Poesie. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3447024348. Retrieved 16 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schimmel, Annemarie (1992). Two-colored brocade: the imagery of Persian poetry. Univ Of North Carolina. ISBN 0807856207. Retrieved 15 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schimmel, Annemarie (1998). Die Träume des Kalifen: Träume und ihre Deutung in der islamischen Kultur. München: Beck. ISBN 3406440568. Retrieved 16 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schimmel, Annemarie (2001). Kleine Paradiese: Blumen und Gärten im Islam. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder. ISBN 3451051923.
• Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul, eds. (1998). Encyclopedia of Arabic literature, vol. 2. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415185726. Retrieved 16 October 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਤੱਥ-ਅਧਾਰ

• "Narcissus". The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
• "Narcissus L." International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
• "Narcissus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

ਸਮਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਜੱਥੇਬੰਦੀਆਂ

• "The American Daffodil Society". 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  • "DaffLibrary – books, articles, and journals about daffodils". American Daffodil Society. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  • "DaffSeek - Daffodil Database with Photos". American Daffodil Society. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
• "Daffodils". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
• "IBS Gallery". Gallery of the world's bulbs. International Bulb Society. 2012. Archived from the original on 4 ਨਵੰਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
• "National Daffodil Society of New Zealand". 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
• "Narcissus". Plant Encyclopaedia. Alpine Garden Society. 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2014.

ਵਾਹੀ

• "Flower Bulb Research Program". Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  • "Research Newsletter". Retrieved 3 November 2014.
• "International Flower Bulb Centre". Archived from the original on 3 ਨਵੰਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  • "Bulb flower production: Narcissus". Archived from the original on 23 ਸਤੰਬਰ 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  • "Narcissus". Narcissus, Hyacinth & Special Flower Bulbs Picture Book. Archived from the original on 3 ਨਵੰਬਰ 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)

ਹੋਰ

• Gold, Sara; Eshel, Amram; Plotnizki, Abraham (2014). "Wild Flowers of Israel". Retrieved 7 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• "Daffodil Festivals and Fields". Retrieved 3 November 2014.