ਸਮੱਗਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ

ਫਰਮਾ:Reflist/doc

ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ
Shortcuts
Redirects

This citation template provides formatting and organizational features for footnotes. It encapsulates the <references /> tag used by the Cite MediaWiki extension to show the list of references as defined by <ref> tags. It adds support for sizing the column width, groups and List-defined references.

Parameters

[ਸੋਧੋ]

There are no required parameters; if none are supplied, a single-column list will be generated if there are fewer than 10 references in the list. If you have more than 10 references, it will use columns of 30em wide if your device allows this.

Optional parameters are:

  • Unnamed parameter (must be the first one if used): the minimum width for each column of references, typically in ems. Syntax (for example) |30em with no space (i.e. not |30 em). Note that this replaces colwidth—see § Obsolete parameters.
  • refs: used with List-defined references.
  • group: identifies by name the subset of references to be rendered; the value should correspond to that used inline, e.g., {{Reflist|group=groupname}} renders all references with groupname as the group name (<ref group="groupname">). There are five pre-defined group names that style the list differently. See § Grouped references below.
  • liststyle: specifies the style used when the reference list is rendered. The default is a numbered list. When set, it will override the style set by the |group= parameter, without affecting group functionality. See § List styles below.

Usage

[ਸੋਧੋ]
Using only footnote-style references
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[2]

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  2. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text)
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* reference 1
* reference 2
{{Refend}}

Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

References
  • reference 1
  • reference 2
Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}
* reference 1
* reference 2
{{Refend}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[2]

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  2. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  • reference 1
  • reference 2

Columns

[ਸੋਧੋ]

{{Reflist|30em}} (for example) instructs the browser to create as many columns as possible (of width at least 30 em, in this example) given the width of the display window. (Units supported are em, ex, in, cm, mm, pt, pc, px, but em is almost always used.) There must not be a space between the number and the unit. Percent is not supported.

Choose a width appropriate to the typical width of the references:

Example

[ਸੋਧੋ]
15em wide columns (vary width of display window to see change in number of columns)
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|15em}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[2] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[3] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[4] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[5]

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  2. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  3. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  4. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  5. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.

The syntax {{Reflist|2}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width regardless of the available display width, is deprecated. When you use 1 the template gives you a single column while 2 will pretend you specified 30em. When using higher column counts, it will pretend you specified 25em.

List-defined references

[ਸੋਧੋ]
ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ: WP:LDR

A list of references may be defined within {{Reflist}} using the |refs= parameter, just like including named <ref name="...">...</ref> elements inside the <references>...</references> container.

Example

[ਸੋਧੋ]
Markup Renders as 
This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" />
This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" />

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="refname1">content1</ref>
<ref name="refname2">content2</ref>
}}

This is reference 1.[decimal 1] This is reference 2.[decimal 2]

References
  1. ↑ content1
  2. ↑ content2

Grouped references

[ਸੋਧੋ]
ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ: WP:REFGROUP

References can be grouped into separate sections (for explanatory notes, table references, and the like) via group=:

<ref group="groupname">

where groupname is (for example) notes or sources. The group name need not be enclosed in quotes; this differs from the footnote marker where quotes are required if the group name includes a space.

Each group used in the article must have a matching reference list:

{{Reflist|group=groupname}}

Predefined groups

[ਸੋਧੋ]
ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ: H:PREGROUP

There are predefined group names that automatically set the labels in the footnote markers and the reference list to other styles. Thus, setting {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} will set the group to lower-alpha and will style the reference list with lower alpha characters. The matching footnote marker can be formed by <ref group="lower-alpha">...</ref>. This is made easier by a series of templates to set the group/label styles for the footnote marker and the reference list: ਮਦਦ:Footnotes

List styles

[ਸੋਧੋ]
technical details ਲਈ, ਦੇਖੋ Help:Cite link labels।

As noted in § Predefined groups, there are predefined groups that automatically add list styling. Using the listed templates is more convenient than using |liststyle=.

Reference lists are by default numbered lists. By using the |liststyle= parameter, you can control how the list is rendered. For example, using |liststyle=upper-roman will result in references being labeled with Roman numerals instead of decimal numbers. The parameter accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type as shown below.

CSS list-style-type values
CSS 2.1 list-style-type values[1]
none
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
disc
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
circle
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
square
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
decimal
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
decimal-leading-zero
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
lower-roman
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
upper-roman
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
lower-alpha
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
upper-alpha
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
lower-greek
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
armenian
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
georgian
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ
CSS2 list-style-type values deprecated in CSS 2.1[2]

...but still supported by some browsers.

hebrew
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ
cjk-ideographic
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ
hiragana
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ
katakana
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ
hiragana-iroha
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ
katakana-iroha
  1. text
  2. text
  3. text
  4. text
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 4 5 9 10 11 12 10 11 12
ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ

It is possible to use |liststyle= so that the labels for the footnote marker and the reference list marker differ. This should be used with care as it can be confusing to readers. For example:

Markup Renders as 
<ref group="note">Reference</ref>

{{Reflist|group=note|liststyle=lower-alpha}}

[note 1]

  1. ↑ Reference

Interaction with images

[ਸੋਧੋ]
  1. ↑ "Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification". W3C. December 7, 2010.
  2. ↑ "Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification". W3C. April 11, 2008.

In the unusual case of an image being placed to the left of a reference list, layout problems may occur on some browsers. This can be prevented by using the columns feature.

Technical details

[ਸੋਧੋ]

Font size

[ਸੋਧੋ]

The font size should reduce to 90% for almost all browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for very old browsers, such as early versions of Internet Explorer.[general 1] As of December 21, 2010, the standard <references /> tag has the same font styling. The smaller font may be disabled through Preferences → Gadgets → Disable smaller font sizes of elements such as Infoboxes, Navboxes and References lists.

Browser support for columns

[ਸੋਧੋ]
CSS3 multiple-column layout browser support
Property Internet
Explorer		 Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
column-width
column-count 		≥ 10
(2012)		 ≥ 1.5
(2005)		 ≥ 3
(2007)		 ≥ 1
(2008)		 ≥ 11.1
(2011)
columns ≥ 10
(2012)		 ≥ 9
(2011)		 ≥ 3
(2007)		 ≥ 1
(2008)		 ≥ 11.1
(2011)
break-before
break-after
break-inside 		≥ 10
(2012)		 ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਹੀਂ ≥ 11.1
(2011)

Multiple columns are generated by using CSS. Almost all browsers should support the multi-column property and will show multiple columns with {{Reflist}}.[general 2][general 3][general 4]

These browsers support CSS columns:

These browsers do not support CSS columns:

  • Microsoft MSHTML-based browsers including Internet Explorer up to version 9[general 5]
  • Very old Opera through to version 11

Widows and orphans

[ਸੋਧੋ]

The use of columns can result in widows and orphans, where a citation at the bottom of a column may be split to the top of the next column. MediaWiki:Common.css includes CSS rules to prevent list items from breaking between columns. Widows may still show in extreme circumstances, such as a reference list formatted in columns where only a single reference is defined.

Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

==References==
{{Reflist|10em}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.

Customizing the view

[ਸੋਧੋ]
ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ: Help:Reference display customization

By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. From Preferences, select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. See Wikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users) for more help.

Font size

The font size for all reference lists defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add: 

ol.references,
.mw-parser-output div.reflist,
.mw-parser-output div.refbegin {
  font-size: 90%;
}

Change 90% to the desired size.

Columns

To disable columns, add: 

.references-column-width {
  column-width: auto !important;
}

Column dividers

To add dividers (rules) between columns, add: 

.references-column-width {
  column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
}

You can alter the appearance of the dividers by changing the values.

Perennial suggestions

[ਸੋਧੋ]

Collapsing and scrolling

There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or scrolling reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at . Links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box.

To display the reference list in a scrollbox or collapsed per user, see Help:Reference display customization.

For discussion on previous attempts to do this with a template, see the discussions for Scrollref and Refbox.

Including the section title

There have been suggestions to include section header markup such as ==References==. This is inadvisable because:

  • There is no standard section name Error: no text specified (help)..
  • When transcluded, the article will have an edit link that will confusingly open the template for editing.

Obsolete parameters

[ਸੋਧੋ]

These parameters are no longer in use:

  • colwidth: Same as specifying a column-width for the first unnamed parameter. Replaced by width as unnamed first parameter.

Articles using unsupported parameters are tracked in Category:Pages using reflist with unknown parameters (33).

Template data

[ਸੋਧੋ]
This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Reflist

This template displays the list of footnotes at the end of an article and provides additional formatting and organizing options. After hitting "Apply changes" and turning back to VE read mode, you will not see the references list. After hitting "Publish page" and turning back to normal read mode the reference list will reappear with the changes applied, see T53146.

ਫਰਮੇ ਦੇ ਮਾਪਦੰਡ

ਮਾਪਦੰਡਵੇਰਵਾਕਿਸਮਦਰਜਾ
Columns / Column width1 colwidth

Two modes supported. First mode (deprecated): integer number of fixed columns into which the reference list is to be rendered. Second mode: typographic unit of measurement such as 'em', specifying the width for the reference list columns, e.g. '33em'; spaced '33&nbsp;em' will not be recognized

ਮੂਲ ਰੂਪ
1 if < 11 references; otherwise 30em
Stringoptional
Liststyleliststyle

Specifies the style used when the reference list is enumerated; accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type

Suggested values
none disc circle square decimal decimal-leading-zero lower-roman upper-roman lower-alpha upper-alpha lower-greek armenian georgian
ਮੂਲ ਰੂਪ
decimal
Stringoptional
Groupgroup

Group is an identifier which restricts the references that are shown. Without this parameter, this template only shows references with no group identifier. With a group identifier specified, only references with a matching group identifier are handled. The rest are left alone.

Stringoptional
List of referencesrefs

Provides a space to define named references for use in the article. References defined in this space are not shown unless used somewhere in the article.

Stringoptional

Limitations

[ਸੋਧੋ]

Do not use {{Reflist}} or other templates or modules that use {{#tag:references}} in numbered or unnumbered lists if the list is inside an HTML div tag. See the talk page (permalink) for examples and details.

 ਨਹੀਂ — :{{Reflist}}
 ਨਹੀਂ — *{{Reflist}}
 ਨਹੀਂ — #{{Reflist}}
 ਹਾਂ — {{Reflist}}

See also

[ਸੋਧੋ]

Variants

References

[ਸੋਧੋ]
  1. ↑ See User:Edokter/fonttest for a comparison of font sizes for various browsers; see previous discussions on changing the font size to resolve the IE issue.
  2. ↑ "CSS3 Multi-Column Thriller". December 30, 2005. Retrieved November 24, 2006.
  3. ↑ "CSS3 module: Multi-column layout". W3C. December 15, 2005. Retrieved November 24, 2006.
  4. ↑ "columns - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets | MDN". MDN Web Docs. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  5. ↑ "CSS Compatibility and Internet Explorer: Multi-column Layout". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft Developer Network. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
"https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਫਰਮਾ:Reflist/doc&oldid=746405" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ