ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox planet

{{{name}}} {{{symbol}}}
	[[File:{{{image}}}\|frameless\|alt={{{image_alt}}}\|upright=1]] {{{caption}}}
ਖੋਜ{{{discovery_ref}}} ਅਤੇ ਅਹੁਦਾ
ਖੋਜੀ	{{{discoverer}}}
ਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਟਿਕਾਣਾ	{{{discovery_site}}}
ਖੋਜ ਦੀ ਮਿਤੀ	{{{discovered}}}
ਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਤਰੀਕਾ	{{{discovery_method}}}
Designations
ਐੱਮਪੀਸੀ ਅਹੁਦਾ	{{{mp_name}}}
ਉਚਾਰਨ	{{{pronounce}}}
ਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਸੋਮਾ	{{{named_after}}}
ਹੋਰ ਨਾਂ	{{{alt_names}}}
ਨਿੱਕਾ- ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ	{{{mp_category}}}
ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ	{{{adjectives}}}
ਪਥ ਦੇ ਗੁਣ{{{orbit_ref}}}
	{{{orbit_diagram}}}
	ਜ਼ਮਾਨਾ {{{epoch}}}
[[ਅਪਹੀਲੀਅਨ{{{apsis}}}]]	{{{aphelion}}}
[[ਪਰੀਹੀਲੀਅਨ{{{apsis}}}]]	{{{perihelion}}}
Peri{{{apsis}}}	{{{periapsis}}}
Apo{{{apsis}}}	{{{apoapsis}}}
ਸੈਮੀ ਮੇਜ਼ਰ ਧੁਰਾ	{{{semimajor}}}
ਮੌਸਤ ਪੰਧ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ	{{{mean_orbit_radius}}}
ਅਕੇਂਦਰਤਾ	{{{eccentricity}}}
ਪੰਧ ਕਾਲ	{{{period}}}
ਪਰਿਕਰਮਾ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ	{{{synodic_period}}}
ਔਸਤ ਪੰਧ ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ	{{{avg_speed}}}
ਔਸਤ ਅਨਿਯਮਤਤਾ	{{{mean_anomaly}}}
ਢਾਲ	{{{inclination}}}
Angular distance	{{{angular_dist}}}
ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਨੋਡ ਦੀ ਕੋਣੀ ਲੰਬਾਈ	{{{asc_node}}}
Longitude of periastron	{{{long_periastron}}}
Time of periastron	{{{time_periastron}}}
ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਨੋਡ ਤੋਂ ਐਪਸਿਸ ਦਾ ਕੋਣ	{{{arg_peri}}}
Semi-amplitude	{{{semi-amplitude}}}
ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ	{{{satellite_of}}}
ਜਾਣੇ ਗਏ ਉਪਗ੍ਰਹਿ	{{{satellites}}}
ਧਰਤੀ MOID	{{{moid}}}
Proper orbital elements{{{p_orbit_ref}}}
Proper semi-major axis	{{{p_semimajor}}} AU
Proper eccentricity	{{{p_eccentricity}}}
Proper inclination	{{{p_inclination}}}
Proper mean motion	12345 deg / yr
Proper orbital period	0.02916 yr; (10.651 d)
Precession of perihelion	{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec / yr
Precession of the ascending node	{{{node_rate}}} arcsec / yr
ਭੌਤਿਕ ਗੁਣ
Dimensions	{{{dimensions}}}
ਔਸਤ ਅਰਧ ਵਿਆਸ	{{{mean_radius}}}
ਭੂ-ਮੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ	{{{equatorial_radius}}}
ਧੁਰੇ ਤੋਂ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ	{{{polar_radius}}}
ਸਮਤਲਤਾ	{{{flattening}}}
Circumference	{{{circumference}}}
ਸਤ੍ਹਾ ਖੇਤਰਫਲ	{{{surface_area}}}
ਆਇਤਨ	{{{volume}}}
ਪੁੰਜ	{{{mass}}}
ਔਸਤ ਘਣਤਾ	{{{density}}}
Equatorial surface gravity	{{{surface_grav}}}
ਜਟਿਲਤਾ ਕਾਰਕ	{{{moment_of_inertia_factor}}}
Equatorial escape velocity	{{{escape_velocity}}}
ਘੁੰਮਣ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ	{{{rotation}}}
ਗੋਲਾਈ ਵਿੱਚ ਘੁੰਮਣ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ	{{{sidereal_day}}}
ਮੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਘੁੰਮਣ ਦੀ ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ	{{{rot_velocity}}}
ਧੁਰੀ ਦਾ ਝੁਕਾਅ	{{{axial_tilt}}}
ਉੱਤਰੀ ਧੁਰੇ ਤੇ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਚੜ੍ਹਾਅ	{{{right_asc_north_pole}}}
ਉੱਤਰੀ ਧੁਰੇ ਤੇ ਝੁਕਾਅ	{{{declination}}}
Pole ecliptic latitude	{{{pole_ecliptic_lat}}}
Pole ecliptic longitude	{{{pole_ecliptic_lon}}}
Geometric albedo	{{{albedo}}}
ਤਾਪਮਾਨ	{{{single_temperature}}}
Spectral type	{{{spectral_type}}}
ਸਾਪੇਖ ਕਾਂਤੀਮਾਨ	{{{magnitude}}}
Absolute magnitude (H)	{{{abs_magnitude}}}
ਕੋਣੀ ਵਿਆਸ	{{{angular_size}}}
ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ{{{atmosphere_ref}}}
ਸਤ੍ਹਾ ਤੇ ਦਬਾਅ	{{{surface_pressure}}}
ਪੈਮਾਨਾ ਉਚਾਈ	{{{scale_height}}}
ਬਣਤਰ	{{{atmosphere_composition}}}

*name* *symbol*
	caption
ਖੋਜ ਅਤੇ ਅਹੁਦਾ
ਖੋਜੀ	discoverer
ਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਟਿਕਾਣਾ	discovery site
ਖੋਜ ਦੀ ਮਿਤੀ	discovered
ਪੰਧ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾਵਾਂ
ਹੋਰ ਨਾਂ	alt_names
ਨਿੱਕਾ- ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ	mp_category
ਪਥ ਦੇ ਗੁਣ
	ਜ਼ਮਾਨਾ epoch
ਅਪਹੀਲੀਅਨ	aphelion
ਪਰੀਹੀਲੀਅਨ	perihelion
ਸੈਮੀ ਮੇਜ਼ਰ ਧੁਰਾ	semimajor
ਅਕੇਂਦਰਤਾ	eccentricity
ਪੰਧ ਕਾਲ	period
ਔਸਤ ਪੰਧ ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ	avg_speed
ਔਸਤ ਅਨਿਯਮਤਤਾ	mean_anomaly
ਢਾਲ	inclination
ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਨੋਡ ਦੀ ਕੋਣੀ ਲੰਬਾਈ	asc_node
ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਨੋਡ ਤੋਂ ਐਪਸਿਸ ਦਾ ਕੋਣ	arg_peri
ਜਾਣੇ ਗਏ ਉਪਗ੍ਰਹਿ	satellites
ਧਰਤੀ MOID	earth moid
Proper orbital elements
Proper semi-major axis	p_semi_major AU
Proper eccentricity	p_eccentricity
Proper inclination	p_inclination
Proper mean motion	360 deg / yr
Proper orbital period	1 yr; (365.25 d)
Precession of perihelion	perihelion_rate arcsec / yr
Precession of the ascending node	node_rate arcsec / yr
ਭੌਤਿਕ ਗੁਣ
Dimensions	dimensions
ਪੁੰਜ	mass
ਔਸਤ ਘਣਤਾ	density
Equatorial surface gravity	surface_grav
ਜਟਿਲਤਾ ਕਾਰਕ	moment_of_inertia_factor
Equatorial escape velocity	escape_velocity
ਗੋਲਾਈ ਵਿੱਚ ਘੁੰਮਣ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ	sidereal_day
ਧੁਰੀ ਦਾ ਝੁਕਾਅ	axial_tilt
Pole ecliptic latitude	pole_ecliptic_lat
Pole ecliptic longitude	pole_ecliptic_lon
Geometric albedo	albedo
Spectral type	spectral_type
Absolute magnitude (H)	abs_magnitude

*name*
	caption
ਖੋਜ
ਖੋਜੀ	discoverer
ਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਟਿਕਾਣਾ	discovery_site
ਖੋਜ ਦੀ ਮਿਤੀ	discovered
ਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਤਰੀਕਾ	discovery_method
ਪੰਧ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾਵਾਂ
ਹੋਰ ਨਾਂ	alt_names
ਪਥ ਦੇ ਗੁਣ
ਸੈਮੀ ਮੇਜ਼ਰ ਧੁਰਾ	semimajor
ਅਕੇਂਦਰਤਾ	eccentricity
ਪੰਧ ਕਾਲ	period
ਪਰਿਕਰਮਾ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ	synodic_period
ਔਸਤ ਪੰਧ ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ	avg_speed
ਢਾਲ	inclination
Angular distance	angular_dist
Longitude of periastron	long_periastron
Time of periastron	time_periastron
Semi-amplitude	semi-amplitude
ਭੌਤਿਕ ਗੁਣ
ਔਸਤ ਅਰਧ ਵਿਆਸ	mean_radius
ਸਤ੍ਹਾ ਖੇਤਰਫਲ	surface_area
ਆਇਤਨ	volume
ਪੁੰਜ	mass
ਔਸਤ ਘਣਤਾ	density
ਸਤ੍ਹਾ ਗਰੂਤਾ ਬਲ	surface_grav
ਜਟਿਲਤਾ ਕਾਰਕ	moment_of_inertia_factor
ਇਸਕੇਪ ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ	escape_velocity
ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼-ਅਨੁਪਾਤ	albedo
ਤਾਪਮਾਨ	single_temperature

Template documentation[ਦੇਖੋ] [ਸੋਧੋ] [ਅਤੀਤ] [ਤਾਜ਼ਾ ਕਰੋ]

This template is used on many pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

ਇਹ ਫਰਮਾ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਲੂਆ ਨੂੰ ਵਰਤਦਾ ਹੈ:

This template has been designed for the presentation of information on non-stellar astronomical bodies: planets (including extrasolar planets), dwarf planets, moons and minor planets. Some parameters will not be applicable to individual types; these may be omitted without any problems to the template's function.

Usage notes

This template expects that the <references /> tag will be present in articles setting the minorplanet parameter to yes^[clarify]. Pages without a <references /> tag will show Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page for a group named "note", but the references will not show without a <ref group="note"> tag; see Help:Cite errors. at the bottom of the page.
When parameters relating to minor planets are used (e.g. mpc_name), several subheadings and wikilinks within the template are made specific to minor planets. For standard formulas for computable values and sources of physical data, see Template talk:Infobox Nonstellar body#Computed values and Standard asteroid physical characteristics.
The proper orbital element "Proper orbital period" (in Julian years and days) is calculated within the template from proper mean motion and so does not require a parameter.
For bodies orbiting bodies other than the Sun, include the parameter |apsis= (appropriate suffix). This will replace various parameters' default "-helion" suffix to the suffix set by the |apsis= parameter. For example, setting |apsis= astron converts the labels "perihelion", "aphelion" and "Argument of perihelion" into "periastron", "apastron" and "Argument of periastron" respectively.

Recommended parameters

Planets and exoplanets

See § All parameters for a complete listing.

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet   = yes
| name               = <!-- Displays on top of infobox-->
| image              = <!-- Use bare filename: Example.jpg -->
| image_size         = <!-- Overrides image size default of 225px -->
| image_alt          = 
| caption            = 
| apsis              = astron
| discovery_ref      = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| discoverer         = 
| discovery_site     = 
| discovered         = <!--(Date)-->
| discovery_method   = 
| alt_names          = <!--(Any alternative names for the body)-->
| orbit_ref          = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| periastron         = 
| apoastron          = 
| semimajor          = 
| avg_speed          = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| eccentricity       = 
| period             = <!--(Sidereal orbital period)-->
| synodic_period     = <!--(Synodic orbital period)-->
| inclination        = 
| angular_dist       = 
| long_periastron    = <!--(Longitude of periastron)-->
| time_periastron    = <!--(Time of periastron)-->
| semi-amplitude     = 
| star               = 
| physical_ref       = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| mean_radius        = <!--(For planets & large, spheroidal minor planets)-->
| surface_area       = 
| volume             = 
| density            = 
| mass               = 
| surface_grav       = <!--Equatorial surface gravity-->
| moment_of_inertia_factor = 
| escape_velocity    = 
| albedo             = 
| single_temperature = 
}}

Minor planets

See § All parameters for a complete listing.

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet        = yes
| background         = #FFFFC0 <!--default color, yellow-->
| name               = 
| symbol             = 
| image              = 
| image_alt          = 
| caption            = 
| discovery_ref      = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| discoverer         = 
| discovered         = 
| discovery_site     = ''discovery_site''
| mpc_name           = <!--(Minor Planet Center's designation)-->
| mp_category        = <!--(Minor planet category)-->
| alt_names          = <!--(Alternative names)-->
| orbit_ref          = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| barycentric        = <!--(yes/no)-->
| epoch              = 
| uncertainty        = [[Uncertainty Parameter U]]
| observation_arc    = [[Observation arc]] length
| aphelion           = 
| perihelion         = 
| semimajor          = 
| eccentricity       = 
| period             = 
| avg_speed          = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| inclination        = 
| asc_node           = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)-->
| mean_anomaly       = 
| mean_motion        = <!--(Instantaneous orbital mean motion)-->
| arg_peri           = <!--(Argument of perihelion)-->
| p_orbit_ref        = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| p_semimajor        = 
| p_eccentricity     = 
| p_inclination      = 
| p_mean_motion      = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)-->
| perihelion_rate    = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)-->
| node_rate          = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)-->
| satellites         = 
| moid               = <!--(Earth moid only)-->
| mercury_moid       = <!--(see "All parameters" section)-->
| physical_ref       = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| dimensions         = <!--(Uni/bi/tri-axial dimensions)-->
| mass               = 
| density            = 
| surface_grav       = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)-->
| moment_of_inertia_factor = <!--(Moment of inertia factor)-->
| escape_velocity    = 
| sidereal_day       = 
| axial_tilt         = 
| pole_ecliptic_lat  = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lon  = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)-->
| albedo             = 
| spectral_type      = 
| abs_magnitude      = <!--(Absolute magnitude)-->
| single_temperature = 
}}

See here for means of semi-automating this template's transclusion as regards minor planets.

For satellites of minor planets, include the parameter |apsis= astron (see above).

Notes on usage

From Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomical objects/Infoboxes

Most of these entries should be measured in SI units. Some of them, however, should have more "human-accessible" units, in addition to SI units: several such cases are indicated with a second unit name in brackets. In the case of times (orbital periods, rotation), it is best to give all periods in days for comparison purposes, and provide a translation (in parentheses) into years, days, hours, etc.; whatever is most appropriate for the duration being described.

This template is very flexible. Moons with no atmosphere whatsoever could skip the atmospheric composition section entirely, for example (though atmospheric density would still be listed). Moons also wouldn't have their orbital radii listed in AU, since AUs are such large units. For planets, use "perihelion" and "aphelion" instead of "periapsis" and "apoapsis."

In the case of "number of moons" and "is a moon of", only one of these rows will be used by any given object. There aren't any moons with moons (yet), though perhaps "co-orbital with" might be a useful row to add in a few cases.

On orbital characteristics: The orbital circumference should be computed from the semi-major axis using Ramanujan's approximation for ellipses. The ratio of that circumference to the period then gives the average orbital speed. The minimum and maximum speeds follow from Kepler's laws: $v_{max}=2\pi a^{2}{\frac {\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}{Ta(1-e)}}$ and $v_{min}=2\pi a^{2}{\frac {\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}{Ta(1+e)}}$ . Note that, by convention, all orbital parameters are given in the primocentric reference system (heliocentric for the planets).

On proper orbital elements: The formulae used by the template to convert from proper mean motion to proper orbital motion are:
O_years = 360 / M and
O_days = 365.25 x O_years

On physical characteristics: The surface area and volume of non-spherical objects (e.g. moonlets, asteroids) must use the proper ellipsoid formulae, because even slight departures from sphericity will make a large difference, particularly for the area.

On the subject of obliquity: Obliquity is the angle between the object's axis of rotation and the normal to the plane of its orbit. Do not confuse this with the tilt listed in the JPL pages, which is a measure of the angle between the local Laplace plane and the primary's equatorial plane. In fact, most inner moons have synchronous rotations, so their obliquities will be, by definition, zero. Outer moons simply have not been seen from close up enough to determine their true obliquities (although Phoebe, recently seen by Cassini, is an exception; see Talk:Phoebe (moon) for the derivation of its obliquity).

All parameters

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet            = yes <!-- enables features for minor planets -->
| extrasolarplanet       = yes <!-- enables features for extrasolar planets -->
| width                  = <!-- Defunct. Do not use it. Remove it from existing templates. -->
| label_width            = <!-- Sets the parameter name column's max width. Defaults to 11em. -->
| name                   = <!-- displayed in caption of infobox -->
| symbol                 = <!--[[File:...|14px]]-->
| image                  = <!--[[File:...|260px]]-->
| image_alt              = 
| caption                = <!-- image caption -->
| background             = <!-- #FFFFC0 -->
| discovery_ref          = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| discoverer             = <!-- person(s), survey -->
| discovery_site         = 
| discovered             = <!-- date -->
| discovery_method       = 
| designations           = <!-- Defunct. Do not use it. Remove it from existing templates. -->
| mpc_name               = 
| pronounced             = {{IPAc-en|<!-- IPA string -->}}
| named_after            = 
| alt_names              = 
| mp_category            = 
| adjectives             = 
| orbit_ref              = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| orbit_diagram          = <!-- [[File:...|260px]]-->
| epoch                  = 
| barycentric            = <!-- yes/no -->
| uncertainty            = 
| observation_arc        = 
| earliest_precovery_date = <!-- Encouraged, especially for distant new objects -->
| apsis                  = 
| aphelion               = 
| perihelion             = 
| periastron             = 
| apoastron              = 
| periapsis              = 
| apoapsis               = 
| semimajor              = 
| mean_orbit_radius      = 
| eccentricity           = 
| period                 = 
| synodic_period         = 
| avg_speed              = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| mean_anomaly           = 
| mean_motion            = <!--(Instantaneous orbital mean motion)-->
| inclination            = 
| angular_dist           = <!--(Angular distance)-->
| asc_node               = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)-->
| long_periastron        = <!--(Longitude of periastron)-->
| time_periastron        = <!--(Time of periastron)-->
| arg_peri               = <!--(Argument of peri[helion/astron/...])-->
| semi-amplitude         = 
| satellite_of           = 
| group                  = 
| satellites             = 
| star                   =
| moid                   = <!--(Earth MOID only)-->
| mercury_moid           = 
| venus_moid             = 
| mars_moid              = 
| jupiter_moid           = 
| saturn_moid            = 
| uranus_moid            = 
| neptune_moid           = 
| tisserand              = <!--(Jupiter Tisserand parameter)-->
| p_orbit_ref            = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| p_semimajor            = 
| p_eccentricity         = 
| p_inclination          = 
| p_mean_motion          = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)-->
| perihelion_rate        = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)-->
| node_rate              = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)-->
| physical_ref           = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| dimensions             = <!--(Uni/bi/tri-axial dimensions)-->
| mean_diameter          = <!--(For large, spheroidal minor planets)-->
| mean_radius            = <!--(For planets & large, spheroidal minor planets)-->
| equatorial_radius      = 
| polar_radius           = 
| flattening             = 
| circumference          = 
| surface_area           = 
| volume                 = 
| mass                   = 
| density                = 
| surface_grav           = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)-->
| moment_of_inertia_factor = <!--(Moment of inertia factor)-->
| escape_velocity        = 
| sidereal_day           = 
| rot_velocity           = <!--(Rotational velocity)-->
| rotation               = <!--(Rotation period)-->
| axial_tilt             = 
| right_asc_north_pole   = <!--(North pole right ascension)-->
| declination            = <!--(North pole declination)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lat      = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lon      = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)-->
| albedo                 = 
| single_temperature     = 
| temp_name1             = 
| min_temp_1             = 
| mean_temp_1            = 
| max_temp_1             = 
| temp_name2             = 
| min_temp_2             = 
| mean_temp_2            = 
| max_temp_2             = 
| temp_name3             = 
| min_temp_3             = 
| mean_temp_3            = 
| max_temp_3             = 
| temp_name4             = 
| min_temp_4             = 
| mean_temp_4            = 
| max_temp_4             = 
| surface_equivalent_dose_rate =
| surface_absorbed_dose_rate =
| spectral_type          = 
| family                 = 
| magnitude              = <!--(Apparent magnitude)-->
| abs_magnitude          = <!--(Absolute magnitude)-->
| angular_size           = 
| atmosphere_ref         = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| surface_pressure       = 
| scale_height           = 
| atmosphere_composition = 
| note                   = 
}}

Computed values

This section documents how some minor planet parameters may be computed when they're not directly measured. More detail can be found in Standard asteroid physical characteristics.

Average orbital speed

This is very simply the orbital circumference divided by the orbital period.

The exact circumference of an ellipse is $4aE(e)$ , where a is the semi-major axis, e the eccentricity, and the function E is the complete elliptic integral of the second kind. This gives

v_{o}={\frac {4aE(e)}{T}}

E is close to $\pi /2$ when e is small.

An approximation using a taylor series expansion is

v_{o}={\frac {2\pi a}{T}}\left[1-{\frac {e^{2}}{4}}-{\frac {3e^{4}}{64}}-\dots \right]

AstOrb Browser computes a velocity using Ramanujan's approximation for an ellipse's circumference:

v_{o}\approx {\frac {\pi }{T}}\left[3(a+b)-{\sqrt {(3a+b)(a+3b)}}\right]

Where b is the orbit's semi-minor axis:

b=a{\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}\,\!

Surface gravity

For a spherical body of mass m, and radius r, the gravitational acceleration at the surface, is given by

g_{\rm {spherical}}={\frac {GM}{r^{2}}}\,\!

Where G = 6.6742×10⁻¹¹ m³s⁻²kg⁻¹ is the Gravitational constant, M is the mass of the body, and r its radius. This value is very approximate, as most minor planets are far from spherical.

For irregularly shaped bodies, the surface gravity will differ appreciably with location. However, at the outermost point/s, where the distance to the centre of mass is the greatest, the surface gravity is still given by a simple formula, a slightly modified version of the above that uses the largest radius $r_{\rm {max}}$

g_{\rm {outer}}={\frac {GM}{r_{\rm {max}}^{2}}}\,.\!

because all the body's mass is contained within this radius.

On a rotating body, the apparent weight experienced by an object on the surface is reduced by the centrifugal force, when one is away from the poles. The centrifugal acceleration experienced at the equator is

g_{\rm {centrifugal}}=-\left({\frac {2\pi }{T}}\right)^{2}r_{\rm {eq}}

where T is the rotation period in seconds, and $r_{\rm {eq}}$ is the equatorial radius (usually also the maximum radius used above). The negative sign indicates that it acts in the opposite direction to the gravitational acceleration g.

The effective surface gravity at the equator is then

g_{\rm {effective}}\approx g_{\rm {gravitational}}+g_{\rm {centrifugal}}=g_{\rm {gravitational}}-|g_{\rm {centrifugal}}|\ .

Escape velocity

For surface gravity g and radius r, the escape velocity is:

v_{e}={\sqrt {2gr}}

This value is much less sensitive to the factors affecting the surface gravity, mentioned above.

Temperature

For asteroid's bolometric bond albedo α, semimajor axis a, solar luminosity $L_{0}$ , and asteroid infrared emissivity ε (usually taken to be ~0.9), the approximate mean temperature T is given by:

T=\left({\frac {(1-\alpha )L_{0}}{\epsilon \sigma 16\pi a^{2}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{4}}

Where σ is Stefan-Boltzmann constant. See also Torrence V. Johnson; Paul R. Weissman; Lucy-Ann A. McFadden (2007). Encyclopedia of the Solar System. Elsevier. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-12-088589-3..

Other parameters

earliest_precovery_date

Encouraged, especially for distant new objects, so as to ascertain the accuracy of an object's calculated orbit.

Not to be confused with the JPL Small-Body Database's first obs. used parameter; they need not be synonymous.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Infobox planet

This template is an infobox for planets.

ਫਰਮੇ ਦੇ ਮਾਪਦੰਡ[Edit template data]
This template prefers block formatting of parameters.
ਮਾਪਦੰਡ		ਵੇਰਵਾ	ਕਿਸਮ	ਦਰਜਾ
extrasolarplanet	`extrasolarplanet`	When given a value (e.g., yes), it changes labels, section headings, and links to a specifically customized version for extrasolar planets. This is a functional parameter only and has no label or value that is displayed. Example yes Auto value `no`	Boolean	suggested
Symbol	`symbol`	symbol of planet	String	optional
Background	`background`	background color for section headings	String	optional
Background	`bgcolour`	deprecated parameter to set background color for section headings. Use parameter 'background' instead	String	deprecated
Width	`width`	defunct parameter to set width of infobox. Do not use it. Remove it from existing templates. Width of infobox can no longer be adjusted. However, if the template contains an image, the width of the infobox will adjust accordingly and change from its default width of about 260px	String	deprecated
Label_width	`label_width`	Max width of the parameter name column ਮੂਲ ਰੂਪ 11em	String	optional
Caption	`caption`	Image caption Example Size comparison of Jupiter (left) and Earth (right)	String	optional
Apsis	`apsis`	no description	String	optional
Discovery	`discovery`	deprecated parameter to enable the 'Discovery' heading, which now displays automatically when a discovery parameter is set	String	deprecated
Discovery_ref	`discovery_ref`	<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading	String	optional
Discoverer	`discoverer`	discoverer of planet	String	optional
Discovery site	`discovery_site`	no description	String	optional
Discovery method	`discovery_method`	Method of discovery Example [[Methods of detecting exoplanets#Transit photometry\|Primary transit]]	Page name	optional
mpc_name	`mpc_name`	no description	String	optional
Pronounced	`pronounced`	no description	String	optional
Named_after	`named_after`	no description	String	optional
mp_category	`mp_category`	no description	String	optional
Alternate names	`alt_names`	Any alternative names for the body Example Gaia	String	optional
Orbital_characteristics	`orbital_characteristics`	deprecated parameter to enable the 'Orbital characteristics' heading, which now displays automatically when an orbital characteristic parameter is set	String	deprecated
Orbit_ref	`orbit_ref`	<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading	String	optional
Orbit_diagram	`orbit_diagram`	image link, just like in prose. ex.: [[File:1992 TC orbital diagram.jpg\|260px]]	String	optional
Epoch	`epoch`	no description	String	optional
Uncertainty_parameter	`uncertainty`	no description	String	optional
Observation_arc	`observation_arc`	no description	String	optional
Earliest_precovery_date	`earliest_precovery_date`	no description	String	optional
Aphelion	`aphelion`	no description	String	optional
Perihelion	`perihelion`	no description	String	optional
Periastron	`periastron`	no description	String	optional
Apoastron	`apoastron`	no description	String	optional
Periapsis	`periapsis`	no description	String	optional
Apoapsis	`apoapsis`	no description	String	optional
Mean_orbit_radius	`mean_orbit_radius`	no description	String	optional
Eccentricity	`eccentricity`	How much the orbit differs from a perfect circle Example 0.0167086	Number	optional
Orbital period (sidereal)	`period`	no description	String	optional
Orbital period (synodic)	`synodic_period`	no description	String	optional
Average orbital speed	`avg_speed`	Average orbital speed Example 29.78 km/s	String	optional
Mean anomaly	`mean_anomaly`	no description	String	optional
Mean_motion	`mean_motion`	no description	String	optional
Inclination	`inclination`	no description Example 7.155° to the Sun's equator	String	optional
Angular distance	`angular_dist`	Angular distance	String	optional
Longitude of ascending node	`asc node`	"It is the angle from a specified reference direction, called the ''origin of longitude'', to the direction of the ascending node, as measured in a specified reference plane."	String	optional
Long_periastron	`long_periastron`	(Longitude of periastron)	String	optional
Time_periastron	`time_periastron`	(Time of periastron)	String	optional
Arg_peri	`arg_peri`	no description	String	optional
Semi-amplitude	`semi-amplitude`	no description	String	optional
p_orbit_ref	`p_orbit_ref`	<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading	String	optional
p_semimajor	`p_semimajor`	no description	String	optional
p_eccentricity	`p_eccentricity`	no description	String	optional
p_inclination	`p_inclination`	no description	String	optional
p_mean_motion	`p_mean_motion`	(Proper orbital mean motion)	String	optional
Perihelion_rate	`perihelion_rate`	(Proper perihelic precession rate)	String	optional
Node_rate	`node_rate`	(Proper nodal precession rate)	String	optional
Group	`group`	grouping of irregular moons	String	optional
Satellites	`satellites`	no description	String	optional
Moid	`moid`	no description	String	optional
Mercury_moid	`mercury_moid`	no description	String	optional
Venus_moid	`venus_moid`	no description	String	optional
Mars_moid	`mars_moid`	no description	String	optional
Jupiter_moid	`jupiter_moid`	no description	String	optional
Saturn_moid	`saturn_moid`	no description	String	optional
Uranus_moid	`uranus_moid`	no description	String	optional
Neptune_moid	`neptune_moid`	no description	String	optional
Tisserand	`tisserand`	no description	String	optional
Physical_characteristics	`physical_characteristics`	deprecated parameter to enable the 'Physical characteristics' heading, which now displays automatically when a physical characteristic parameter is set	String	deprecated
Dimensions	`dimensions`	no description	String	optional
Flattening	`flattening`	no description	String	optional
Equatorial_radius	`equatorial_radius`	no description	String	optional
Polar_radius	`polar_radius`	no description	String	optional
Mean diameter	`mean_diameter`	Average diameter	String	deprecated
Mean radius	`mean_radius`	Average radius Example 6,371.0 km	String	optional
Circumference	`circumference`	no description	String	optional
Surface_area	`surface_area`	no description	String	optional
Volume	`volume`	no description	String	optional
Density	`density`	no description	String	suggested
Surface_grav	`surface_grav`	(Equatorial surface gravity)	String	optional
Moment_of_inertia_factor	`moment_of_inertia_factor`	(Moment of inertia factor)	String	optional
Escape_velocity	`escape_velocity`	no description	String	optional
Sidereal_day	`sidereal_day`	no description	String	optional
Rot_velocity	`rot_velocity`	(Rotational velocity)	String	optional
Axial_tilt	`axial_tilt`	no description	String	optional
Right_asc_north_pole	`right_asc_north_pole`	(North pole right ascension)	String	optional
Declination	`declination`	(North pole declination)	String	optional
Pole_ecliptic_lat	`pole_ecliptic_lat`	(Pole ecliptic latitude)	String	optional
Pole_ecliptic_lon	`pole_ecliptic_lon`	(Pole ecliptic longitude)	String	optional
Albedo	`albedo`	no description Example 0.367	Number	optional
Single_temperature	`single_temperature`	no description	String	optional
Temp_name1	`temp_name1`	no description	String	optional
Min_temp_1	`min_temp_1`	no description	String	optional
Mean_temp_1	`mean_temp_1`	no description	String	optional
Max_temp_1	`max_temp_1`	no description	String	optional
Temp_name2	`temp_name2`	no description	String	optional
Min_temp_2	`min_temp_2`	no description	String	optional
Mean_temp_2	`mean_temp_2`	no description	String	optional
Max_temp_2	`max_temp_2`	no description	String	optional
Surface_equivalent_dose_rate	`surface_equivalent_dose_rate`	surface equivalent radiation dose rate, usually in µSv/h	String	optional
Surface_absorbed_dose_rate	`surface_absorbed_dose_rate`	surface absorbed radiation dose rate, usually in µGy/h	String	optional
Spectral_type	`spectral_type`	no description	String	optional
Magnitude	`magnitude`	(Apparent magnitude)	String	optional
Abs_magnitude	`abs_magnitude`	(Absolute magnitude)	String	optional
Angular_size	`angular_size`	no description	String	optional
Pronounced	`pronounced`	{{IPA-en\|<!-- IPA string -->\|}}	String	optional
Adjectives	`adjectives`	no description Example terrestrial	String	optional
Atmosphere_ref	`atmosphere_ref`	<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading	String	optional
Surface_pressure	`surface_pressure`	no description	String	optional
Scale_height	`scale_height`	no description	String	optional
Atmosphere_composition	`atmosphere_composition`	no description	String	optional
Name of planet	`name`	no description Example Earth	String	required
symbol	`symbol`	no description	Unknown	optional
Image	`image`	no description	File	suggested
Image size	`image_size`	How big the image will appear Example 225	Number	optional
image_alt	`image_alt`	no description	Unknown	optional
label_width	`label_width`	no description	Unknown	optional
Discovered	`discovered`	Date of discovery Example 18 March 1781	Date	suggested
discovery_method	`discovery_method`	no description	Unknown	optional
discovery_ref	`discovery_ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
mpc_name	`mpc_name`	no description	Unknown	optional
mp_name	`mp_name`	no description	Unknown	optional
alt_names	`alt_names`	no description	Unknown	optional
mp_category	`mp_category`	no description	Unknown	optional
pronounce	`pronounce`	no description	Unknown	optional
adjective	`adjective`	no description	Unknown	optional
adjectives	`adjectives`	no description	Unknown	optional
extrasolarplanet	`extrasolarplanet`	no description	Unknown	optional
exosolar planets	`exosolar planets`	no description	Unknown	optional
orbit_diagram	`orbit_diagram`	no description	Unknown	optional
barycentric	`barycentric`	Indicates that the osculating orbital elements use the stationary Solar System Barycenter as the frame of reference instead of the Sun. This is preferably used for distant minor planets and comets whose orbits are sensitive to the Sun's short-term motion around the barycenter. This is a functional parameter only and has no label or value that is displayed. Example yes Auto value `no`	Boolean	optional
epoch	`epoch`	no description	Unknown	optional
perihelion	`perihelion`	no description	Unknown	optional
apoapsis	`apoapsis`	no description	Unknown	optional
Semi-major axis	`semimajor`	One half of the major axis Example 1 AU	String	suggested
mean_orbit_radius	`mean_orbit_radius`	no description	Unknown	optional
eccentricity	`eccentricity`	no description	Unknown	optional
avg_speed	`avg_speed`	no description	Unknown	optional
inclination	`inclination`	no description	Unknown	optional
angular_dist	`angular_dist`	no description	Unknown	optional
asc_node	`asc_node`	no description	Unknown	optional
long_periastron	`long_periastron`	no description	Unknown	optional
time_periastron	`time_periastron`	no description	Unknown	optional
arg_peri	`arg_peri`	no description	Unknown	optional
semi-amplitude	`semi-amplitude`	no description	Unknown	optional
group	`group`	no description	Unknown	optional
satellites	`satellites`	no description	Unknown	optional
star	`star`	no description	Unknown	optional
moid	`moid`	no description	Unknown	optional
mercury_moid	`mercury_moid`	no description	Unknown	optional
venus_moid	`venus_moid`	no description	Unknown	optional
mars_moid	`mars_moid`	no description	Unknown	optional
saturn_moid	`saturn_moid`	no description	Unknown	optional
uranus_moid	`uranus_moid`	no description	Unknown	optional
orbit_ref	`orbit_ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
allsatellites	`allsatellites`	no description	Unknown	optional
p_semimajor	`p_semimajor`	no description	Unknown	optional
p_eccentricity	`p_eccentricity`	no description	Unknown	optional
p_mean_motion	`p_mean_motion`	no description	Unknown	optional
p_inclination	`p_inclination`	no description	Unknown	optional
node_rate	`node_rate`	no description	Unknown	optional
flattening	`flattening`	no description	Unknown	optional
surface_area	`surface_area`	no description	Unknown	optional
volume	`volume`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mass	`mass`	no description Example 19 [[Earth mass\|M<sub>🜨</sub>]]<br>0.06 [[Jupiter mass\|M<sub>J</sub>]]	String	suggested
surface_grav	`surface_grav`	no description	Unknown	optional
rotation	`rotation`	no description	Unknown	optional
sidereal_day	`sidereal_day`	no description	Unknown	optional
axial_tilt	`axial_tilt`	no description	Unknown	optional
declination	`declination`	no description	Unknown	optional
pole_ecliptic_lat	`pole_ecliptic_lat`	no description	Unknown	optional
pole_ecliptic_lon	`pole_ecliptic_lon`	no description	Unknown	optional
albedo	`albedo`	no description	Unknown	optional
single_temperature	`single_temperature`	no description	Unknown	optional
temp_name2	`temp_name2`	no description	Unknown	optional
temp_name3	`temp_name3`	no description	Unknown	optional
temp_name4	`temp_name4`	no description	Unknown	optional
spectral_type	`spectral_type`	no description	Unknown	optional
magnitude	`magnitude`	no description	Unknown	optional
angular_size	`angular_size`	no description	Unknown	optional
physical_ref	`physical_ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
mean_temp_1	`mean_temp_1`	no description	Unknown	optional
min_temp_2	`min_temp_2`	no description	Unknown	optional
mean_temp_2	`mean_temp_2`	no description	Unknown	optional
max_temp_2	`max_temp_2`	no description	Unknown	optional
min_temp_3	`min_temp_3`	no description	Unknown	optional
mean_temp_3	`mean_temp_3`	no description	Unknown	optional
max_temp_3	`max_temp_3`	no description	Unknown	optional
min_temp_4	`min_temp_4`	no description	Unknown	optional
mean_temp_4	`mean_temp_4`	no description	Unknown	optional
max_temp_4	`max_temp_4`	no description	Unknown	optional
family	`family`	no description	Unknown	optional
atmosphere	`atmosphere`	no description	Unknown	optional
atmosphere_ref	`atmosphere_ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
surface_pressure	`surface_pressure`	no description	Unknown	optional
note	`note`	no description	Unknown	optional
minorplanet	`minorplanet`	When given a value (e.g., yes), it changes labels, section headings, and links to a specifically customized version for minor planets. This is a functional parameter only and has no label or value that is displayed. Example yes Auto value `no`	Boolean	optional
Satellite of	`satellite_of`	If the object is a moon, list the orbital parent. Example [[Kepler-1625b]]	Page name	optional

Microformat

The HTML mark up produced by this template includes an hCard microformat, which makes the place-name and location parsable by computers, either acting automatically to catalogue article across Wikipedia, or via a browser tool operated by a person, to (for example) add the subject to an address book. For more information about the use of microformats on Wikipedia, please see the microformat project.

If the place or venue has an "established", "founded", "opened" or similar date that is specific to the day, use {{start date}} unless the date is before 1583 CE. If it has a URL, use {{URL}}.

hCard uses HTML classes including:

adr
category
country-name
extended-address
fn
label
locality
nickname
note
org
street-address
url
vcard

Please do not rename or remove these classes nor collapse nested elements which use them.

Tracking category

Category:Pages using infobox planet with unknown parameters (0)

References

↑ discovery_ref
↑ orbit_ref
↑ p_orbit_ref

The above documentation is transcluded from ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox planet/doc.
Editors can experiment in this template's ਕੱਚਾ ਖ਼ਾਕਾ and testcases pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

[1] discovery_ref

[2] orbit_ref

[3] p_orbit_ref

[1]

[2]

[3]